This Newsletter again demonstrates the extraordinary vitality and richness of the field of comparative democratization, as evidenced in the News from Members, Professional Announcements, reports on past and future conferences and the extensive listing of New Research (ably compiled by Melissa Aten, our Newsletter Editor). I look forward to learning about new research at our panels at APSA 2007 in Chicago. Program Chair Valerie Bunce (Cornell University) has been hard at work choosing the best panels and papers from the abundant excellent proposals. Highlights of our Section’s APSA program will be featured in our May newsletter.

One of the most significant, continuing challenges we face in our field of study is the need to incorporate more integrally, critically, and truly comparatively the study of the politics of the United States, even as we also continue to study the impact of the United States on democratization in other countries and world regions. An important figure who made seminal contributions to the first of these endeavors, as he did in so many other areas in the study of comparative democratization, was Seymour Martin Lipset. We asked Juan Linz, one of Marty Lipset’s early students, to provide reflections on Marty’s professional and personal qualities. We also include links to other memorials.

I particularly want to draw your attention to the five awards our Section will present this fall at the 2007 APSA meeting in Chicago. Recognition of the leading work in our area is one of the most important activities of our section. Two awards are particularly targeted at emerging scholars: the Juan Linz Prize for Best Dissertation, for which the award deadline is March 15, 2007, and the award for Best Field Work, for which the deadline is April 2, 2007. As in past years, we solicit your assistance in encouraging submissions for these two important awards. Dissertations which have been submitted for other APSA or organized section awards should also be submitted to our section if they satisfy the criteria; in addition, any other appropriate dissertation should also be submitted.

Your nominations (and where appropriate, self-nominations) are also strongly encouraged for the three other section awards, for Best Book, Best Article, and Best Convention Paper. The deadline for these awards is March 15, 2006.

For full details on each of these five awards and the list of committee members, see Section Awards, below. Questions about specific awards should be directed to the respective committee chair. I am very grateful to the members who have agreed to serve on these award committees.

It is now time to consider nominations for a new chair and a new treasurer for our Section for the 2007–2009 term. For both Michael (our treasurer) and me, it has been a privilege to contribute to the Section’s work over this period. Catherine Boone has agreed to chair our nominations committee. In the name of the committee, she now welcomes nominations and self-nominations for these two section offices (ideally with a brief bio-sketch and C.V.); you may reach her at cboone@mail.la.utexas.edu.

Jonathan Hartlyn
February 2007


3. JUAN LINZ ON SEYMOUR MARTIN LIPSET (1922-2006)

Seymour Martin Lipset: In Memoriam
By Juan J. Linz*

I was torn between writing on Marty’s contribution to the theory of the comparative study of democracy and a more personal memoir. Marty meant so much to me. He was a teacher, a mentor, a co-author, and above all a friend. I met him in September 1950 when I arrived with a fellowship at Columbia University and attended a seminar that he and Robert Lynd were teaching at Butler Hall. We could not have had more different backgrounds: his, New York City College radical politics, mine as a student of Law and Political Science in Madrid in Franco’s Spain. In spite of this, he took me under his wing, helped me to get a fellowship from Columbia for a second year, and since then was a continuous intellectual influence.

I became familiar with his background at get-togethers of old friends, reminiscing during the summers at Dartmouth. His Agrarian Socialism had just appeared. Between the early 1950’s and 1958 I was in contact with him as his research assistant. On the basis of my reviews of French electoral sociology, we became co-authors with Paul Lazarsfeld and Allen Barton of a chapter on the psychology of voting. That essay was part of a large project of Bernard Berelson of a propositional inventory on political behavior, in which William Kornhauser was involved (leading to his book on mass society). It was difficult to agree on what a “proposition” was and what should go into an inventory. The Dartmouth library was an extraordinary resource. Marty also insisted that I should type – he was exhausted from reading my handwritten notes – and he even bought me a typewriter. This was an extraordinary contribution to my intellectual development. At the same time he was working with Martin Trow and James Coleman (a classmate of mine) on what became the book Union Democracy. I feel that the important theoretical contribution to the conditions for stable democracy in that work has been neglected, overshadowed by his classic comparative analysis of the relation between economic development and democracy. Union Democracy is neglected because it deals with a trade union, but it is really an analysis of conditions facilitating or making difficult democracy among different sectors of the International Typographical Union.

Under Marty’s guidance I started doing secondary analysis of survey data which led to tables in many of his papers and much of my subsequent work and that of my students. (In the papers I suspect I may have mistranslated some Dutch or Scandinavian sources on the basis of my German). Marty also got for us and for me sets of IBM cards from Doxa in Italy and from the Institut für Demoskopie of Allensbach. I ended up using the Demoskopie survey on the German election of 1953 for my dissertation. One of the results of this research was the relation between Marty and Elisabeth Noelle Neumann, his involvement in the World Association for Public Opinion Research (WAPOR), an organization of which he became president, and my own long-term friendship with Elisabeth and my later presidency in WAPOR. Marty was actively involved in the behavioral revolution in comparative politics, including comparative research with an emphasis on secondary analysis. Another example of his use of public opinion data to deal with a large problem is his work on The Confidence Gap (with William Schneider), a very interesting angle for the study of democracies.

While I was with Marty at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (1955-56), we completed a long manuscript on the political behavior of workers, businessmen, farmers, professionals, and white-collar employees, which also dealt with the relation of politics to religion, and regional and other cleavages. The work was reproduced and many a professor probably taught a course on it and students probably studied it. However, both of us went in different directions; I was finishing my thesis and returned to Spain, and we never finished and published this work. When we met over the years we always regretted it.

I wish that his central contribution on the socioeconomic conditions favoring democracy should not overshadow his many other contributions to the study of democracy, the reading of his many other books and papers, the richness of his opus. Marty always reflected on the acute problems of his time, and how they could be a threat to democratic-liberal values. This led to an interest in fascism and the large number of his essays and books on political extremism and the radical right in the United States. With Richard Hofstadter and Daniel Bell, Lipset turned to the importance of status vs. class politics when class analysis could not explain the appeal of McCarthyism and radical right politics. This work also linked with scholarship on the politics of intellectuals (a theme dear to Michels) and academics. The student revolution that affected him directly at Berkeley led to considerable comparative writing on student politics in the late sixties and early seventies.

The basis of his intellectual contribution was not only his unique knowledge of U.S. and Canadian societies, but also his in-depth study of classics, particularly Michels, Ostrogorski, T.H. Marshall, Tocqueville and obviously Marx and Marxist thought. Although always an empiricist, he was also always striving for theoretical insight as well. The title and the interpretation of most readers of his book The First New Nation: The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective is somewhat misleading, since more than half of the work is a comparative study of society and politics of Western nations. Beyond the comparison between the United States and Canada – a constant in his work- Lipset contrasts the United States and the United Kingdom, and includes Australia in the systematic comparison of “four Anglo-Saxon” democracies. The book also includes a comparison with France and Germany in an attempt to account for differences in the historic-sociological-political development of democracy in the West. In this rich and many faceted comparative sociological work, Tocqueville was an important inspiration and the macro-sociological use of the Parsonian pattern variables a major stimulus and point of departure. Today, there are few if any such broad comparative conceptual efforts in the study of democratization, and his work should serve as an inspiration for such an effort. The book certainly should not be remembered only for its outstanding analysis of the role of the charismatic George Washington in the institutionalization of democracy in the United States. Marty almost unconsciously shifted political sociology from a focus on the social bases of politics to the study of politics and society. Perhaps his emphasis on the role of Washington in the building of American democratic institutions was the most dramatic step in that direction.

One of Marty’s important contributions to sociology was his work on social stratification. It resulted in a reader with Reinhard Bendix, Class, Status and Power (picking up the title from Max Weber), that generations of graduate students studied. It led to a collaboration with Hans Zetterberg, Reinhard Bendix, and Natalie Rogoft in studies that were replicated in many countries. Lipset’s work is not only what he published, but research by his students and by scholars all over the world who read his work.

In his comparative analysis of democratic polities, Marty went far beyond the basic sociological approach based on the socio-economic structure of industrial societies. This was in part a result of discovering in his important work on comparative social mobility that rates of social mobility in the United States and Europe were not so different as to account for differences in political behavior. It was the incorporation (I know initially reluctantly) of a Parsonian analysis based on the pattern variables in the comparison of four Anglosaxon democracies in the First New Nation and the collaboration with Stein Rokkan in the study of party systems and voter alignments that expanded his horizon to emphasize the role of values and their historical development. This also resulted in growing attention to religion in politics.

A major contribution to the study of democracy has been his active role in the publishing and editing of the Encyclopedia of Democracy, which brought together many scholars with solid knowledge of many aspects of democratic politics and countries. Another ambitious project was on Democracy in Developing Countries, which led to the publication of volumes on democracies in Africa, Asia and Latin America. It started with a conference in Stanford and the responsibility for moving it ahead was taken up by his former student, Larry Diamond. The published volumes have been read by many scholars and students.

Lipset’s books are filled with footnotes with reference to studies all over the world documenting the point he is making, acknowledgements to colleagues who sent him data, commented on his drafts and were part of an international community of scholars. They obviously, in turn, benefited from those constant exchanges. Under his direction, political sociology became a cooperative international enterprise. He also made a great effort to respond to his critics in detail. In all this, he counted always on devoted research assistants who learned in the process how to do research and often became co-authors of papers and books. I was one such assistant, for which I am most fortunate.

Marty was a kind person and a friend. Once in Berkeley, when I was down (and almost ready to throw in the towel), I went to his home. He took me with Elsie to San Francisco to the Hungry Eye to see Mort Sahl. The next day I was working again.

To finish with something that he wrote once about a junior colleague, “Marty was a scholar worthy of our admiration and affection and, in my case, of love.”

*Juan J. Linz is Sterling Professor Emeritus of Political and Social Science at Yale University.

Juan Linz’s tribute is available at (www.ned.org/apsa-cd/Linz-Lipset%20memorial.html). Please also visit www.ned.org/apsa-cd/Diamond-Lipset%20memorial.html to read Larry Diamond’s reflections on Marty, which will be published in the Spring 2007 Hoover Digest, and www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,1988393,00.html to read Gary Marks’s reflections in the Guardian.

We are collecting other tributes for the CompDem Web site. To view the collection, please visit www.ned.org/apsa-cd/home.html.


4. SECTION NEWS

The Comparative Democratization Section will present five awards for scholarly work at the 2007 APSA annual meeting in Chicago: the Linz Prize for Best Dissertation, and Best Book, Best Article, Best Field Work, and Best Paper prizes. Members are strongly encouraged to submit nominations (including self-nominations for several awards) to the appropriate committees listed below. Please also forward this information to colleagues and graduate students. We ask you to note the eligibility criteria, deadlines for submissions, and materials that must accompany nominations; direct any queries to the committee chairs.

Juan Linz Prize for Best Dissertation in the Comparative Study of Democracy:
Given for the best dissertation in the Comparative Study of Democracy completed and accepted in the past two calendar years prior to the APSA Annual Meeting where the award will be presented (2005 or 2006 for the 2007 Annual Meeting). The comparative study of democracy includes analyses of individual country cases as long as they are clearly cast in a comparative perspective. A hard copy of the dissertation, accompanied by a letter of support from the dissertation chair or a member of the dissertation committee, should be sent to each member of the selection committee. For inquiries, contact Award Committee Chair Marc Morjé Howard at mmh@georgetown.edu.
Deadline: March 15, 2007

Chair:
Professor Marc Morjé Howard
Department of Government
Georgetown University
ICC 681
Washington, DC 20057-1034
Phone: 202-687-5029
Fax: 202-687-5858
Email: mmh@georgetown.edu

Member:
Professor Michael Bernhard
211 Pond Lab
Department of Political Science
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA 16802
Phone: 814-865-3205
Fax: 814-863-8979
Email: mhb5@psu.edu

Member:
Professor Kenneth Roberts
203 White Hall
Department of Government
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853
Phone: 607-255-6764
Fax: 607-255-4530
Email: kr99@cornell.edu

Best Book Award
Given for the best book in the field of comparative democratization published in 2006 (authored, co-authored or edited). Copies of the nominated book should be sent to each committee member in time to arrive by March 15, 2007. For inquiries, contact Award Committee Chair Frances Hagopian at fhagopia@nd.edu.
Deadline: March 15, 2007

Chair:
Professor Frances Hagopian
Kellogg Institute for International Studies
237 Hesburgh Center
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, IN 46556-5677
Phone: 574-631-8529
Fax: 574-631-6717
Email: fhagopia@nd.edu

Member:
Professor Dennis Galvan
University of Oregon
International Studies Program
305 PLC
Eugene, OR 97403-5206
Phone: 541-346-2851
Fax: 541-346-5041
Email: dgalvan@uoregon.edu

Member:
Professor Benjamin Smith
Political Science and Asian Studies
University of Florida
Box 117325 Anderson Hall
Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Phone: 352-392-0262 ext. 272
Fax: 352-392-8127
Email: bbsmith@polisci.ufl.edu

Best Article:
Single-authored or co-authored articles published in 2006 are eligible. Nominations and self-nominations are encouraged and should be sent preferably with a copy of the article to the committee members (via regular mail only to Professor Van Cott and via regular mail or email attachment to Professors Way and Lindberg).
Deadline: March 15, 2007

Chair:
Professor Lucan Way
University of Toronto
Department of Political Science
Sidney Smith Hall, Room 3018
100 St. George Street
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3 Canada
Phones: 416-946-0182, 416-287-7321
Email: lucan.way@utoronto.ca

Member:
Professor Staffan Lindberg
University of Florida
Department of Political Science
PO Box 117325 Anderson Hall
Gainesville, FL 32611
Phone: 352-392-0262, ext 249
Email: lindberg@polisci.ufl.edu

Member:
Professor Donna Lee Van Cott
Tulane University
Department of Political Science
316 Norman Mayer Hall
New Orleans, LA 70118
Phone: 504-862-8307
Fax 504-862-8745
Email: dvancott@tulane.edu

Best Field Work:
Criteria for the award include the originality and importance of the research (especially the research sources) and the difficulty of the research. Scholars who are currently writing their dissertations or who have completed their dissertations in 2006 are eligible. Candidates must submit three chapters of their dissertation and a letter of nomination from the chair of their dissertation committee describing the field work. One or two chapters should also describe the field work and should provide one or two key insights from it. The chapters may be sent electronically or in hard copy directly to each committee member.
Deadline: April 2, 2007

Chair:
Professor Milada Vachudova
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Department of Political Science
CB3265 Hamilton Hall
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3265
Phone: 919-962-0415
Fax: 919-962-0432
Email: vachudov@email.unc.edu

Member:
Professor Sherrie Baver
CUNY / City College of New York
Department of Political Science,
North Academic Center, Room 4/150
138th St. at Convent Ave.
New York, NY 10031
Phone: 212-650-7491
Fax: 212-650-5464
Email: SBaver@gc.cuny.edu

Member:
Professor Lily Tsai
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Department of Political Science
77 Massachusetts Avenue
Room E53-470
Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
Phone: 617-253-6243
email: l_tsai@mit.edu

Best Paper Award
Given to the best paper presented on a panel organized or co-organized by the Comparative Democratization Section at the previous year’s APSA Convention.
Deadline: March 15, 2007

Chair:
Professor Joseph Klesner
Kenyon College
Department of Political Science, Horwitz House 03
Gambier, Ohio 43022
Phone: 740-427-5311
Fax: 740-427-5306
E-mail: klesner@kenyon.edu

Member:
Professor Jason Brownlee
The University of Texas at Austin
Department of Government
1 University Station A1800
Austin, TX 78712-0119
Phone: 512-232-7304
Fax: 512-471-1061
Email: brownlee@gov.utexas.edu

Member:
Professor Steve Heydemann
Georgetown University
Center for Democracy and Civil Society
3240 Prospect Street, NW
Washington, D.C. 20007
Phone: 202-687-0592
Fax: 202-687-0597
Email: sh267@georgetown.edu

5. NEWS FROM MEMBERS

Tina Mavrikos-Adamou, adjunct associate professor of political science, Hofstra and Adelphi University, participated as a “Reader” for the chapter on Bulgaria that appeared in the 2006 Global Integrity Index. Released on January 10, 2006, the 43-country study investigated and reported on corruption and the mechanisms available to the public and policy-makers to combat abuses.

Katharine Adeney, lecturer in politics, University of Sheffield, published Federalism and Ethnic Conflict Regulation in India and Pakistan (Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), in which she demonstrates that institutional design, rather than religion, is the most important explanatory variable in understanding the different types and intensities of conflict in India and Pakistan.

David Backer, assistant professor of government, College of William and Mary, was awarded a three-year grant by the Human and Social Dynamics Program of the National Science Foundation (with additional support from the United States Institute of Peace) to conduct a comparative study of the relationship between victims’ responses to transitional justice processes and the dynamics of political development in Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. The field research will involve focus groups, surveys, and in-depth interviews to be conducted in collaboration with the Center for Democratic Development in Accra, the Center for Democratic Empowerment in Monrovia, the Centre for Democracy and Development in Abuja, and the Sierra Leone Court Monitoring Program.

Sheri Berman, associate professor of political science, Barnard College, Columbia University, published “How Democracies Emerge: Lessons from Europe” in the January 2007 Journal of Democracy, in which she argues that even today’s most placid democracies have historically had as turbulent moments as anything found in the developing world today.

Anthony Brunello, professor of political science, Eckerd College, recently taught a three-week course on “The United Nations: Terrorism, Peacekeeping, and Human Rights” in New York as part of Eckerd College’s Winter Term program. The course included briefings with U.N. staff, delegates from the Member-States, and representatives of nongovernmental international organizations. The main topics of the course included the pivotal role of the U.N. in the areas of peace-keeping, terrorism, human rights, weapons proliferation, and collective security.

Javier Corrales, associate professor and department chair of political science, Amherst College, and Frank Westhoff published “Information Technology Adoption and Political Regimes” in the December 2006 International Studies Quarterly, in which the authors attempt to explain the different rates of internet use across nations. Discounting the theory that differences in political liberties lead to uniform differences in internet use, the authors provide quantitative and qualitative evidence that the more authoritarian the country, the stronger the impact of income on internet expansion, as high-income, market-oriented states tend to be less draconian in their internet restrictions.

Mr. Corrales also published “The Many Lefts of Latin America” in the November/December 2006 Foreign Policy, in which he disaggregates the Latin American “left” into several components: the revolutionaries, the protectionists, the hypernationalists, the crusaders, the big spenders, the egalitarians, the multiculturalists, and the macho-bashers.

John P. Entelis, professor of political science and director of the Middle East Studies program, Fordham University, contributed “The Republic of Tunisia” to the fifth edition of The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa (Westview Press, 2007). Edited by David Long, Bernard Reich, and Mark Gasiorowski, the book provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary events and issues in the region. Chapters address each country’s history, economics, politics, and foreign policy, facilitating comparison and contrast across countries.

Bonnie N. Field, assistant professor of international studies, Bentley College, published “Transitions to Democracy and Internal Party Rules: Spain in Comparative Perspective” in the October 2006 Comparative Politics. The article evaluates the claim that transitions by pact are prejudicial for the quality of democracy because they depress access to the political system. A comparison of legislative continuity in the democracies established after the Spanish transition by pact and the Argentine transition by collapse, demonstrates that while pact-making in Spain indeed produced greater continuity, continuity did not compromise the quality of democracy. The study finds that the mode of transition shapes internal party rules, specifically candidate selection procedures, which influence the degree of continuity in nascent democracy regimes.

M. Steven Fish, professor of political science, University of California at Berkeley, and Matthew Kroenig published “Diversity, Conflict, and Democracy: Some Evidence from Eurasia and East Europe” in the December 2006 Democratization, in which the authors question the suggested correlation between diverse societies and conflict. Using quantitative analysis on data from the post-communist region, the authors argue that social fractionalization does not influence civil conflict or democratization. In fact, a case study on Bulgaria reveals that diversity may actually encourage the emergence of practices and institutions that promote open politics.

Venelin Ganev, assistant professor of political science, Miami University of Ohio, contributed “East European Revolutions of 1989” to the encyclopedia on Revolutionary Movements in World History, edited by James V. DeFronzo and published by ABC-CLIO Press in 2006. The three-volume encyclopedia is the first comprehensive work on seventy-nine of the most important revolutionary movements, from the American and French revolutions to the present. Each entry includes historical background, analysis, domestic and international impacts, biographies and references, and further readings.

Elliott Green, tutorial fellow, Development Studies Institute, London School of Economics, published “Ethnicity and the Politics of Land Tenure Reform in Central Uganda” in the November 2006 Commonwealth and Comparative Politics. The paper examines how attempts by the current Ugandan government to implement badly needed land tenure reform have been undermined by its reluctance to acknowledge ethnic attachment to the land, as well as its failure to address perceptions of ethnic bias towards western Ugandans.

Baogang He, professor and department chair of international studies, Deakin University (Australia), and Ethan Leib edited The Search for Deliberative Democracy in China (Palgrave Press, 2006), in which contributors investigate whether the theory of deliberative democracy has any application to the Chinese process of democratization. Mr. He and Chen Shengyong also edited Development of Deliberative Democracy: A Collection of the Essays Presented at the International Conference on Deliberative Democracy and Chinese Practice of Participatory and Deliberative Institutions (China’s Social Sciences Press, 2006).

Marc Morjé Howard, associate professor of government and core faulty member at the Center for Democracy and Civil Society, Georgetown University, Vladimir Tismaneanu, and Rudra Sil edited World Order After Leninism (University of Washington Press, 2006). The volume examines the origins and evolution of world communism and explores how its legacies have shaped the post–Cold War world order. It began as a conversation among former students of University of California at Berkeley Professor Ken Jowitt, whose monumental career transformed the fields of political science, Russian studies, and post-communist studies.

Mr. Howard’s book, The Weakness of Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe (Cambridge University Press, 2003), recently received the 2006 Alpha Sigma Nu National Jesuit Book Award, presented by the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities. The Association chose Mr. Howard’s book because “his blend of conceptual, qualitative, and statistical measures thoughtfully bridge the potential gap between traditional and behavioral focuses in political science.”

Sean Jacobs, assistant professor of African and communication studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, edited the October 2006 special issue of Politique Africaine, whose theme was “South Africa, After the Rainbow: An Assessment of the First Decade of Liberal Democracy.” Topics covered in the French-language issue include marginalization in the era of constitutional democracy, HIV/AIDS and civil society, and Afrikaans media after apartheid.

Joseph L. Klesner, professor of political science, Kenyon College, edited the January 2007 PS: Political Science and Politics. The issue includes a set of papers that came from a symposium on “The 2006 Mexican Election and Its Aftermath” which examine the actions of elites, the public, and electoral institutions during the electoral process.

Several section members contributed papers to the volume, including: “Elite Polarization Meets Mass Moderation in Mexico’s 2006 Elections” by Kathleen Bruhn, associate professor of political science and director of Latin American and Iberian Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, and Kenneth F. Greene, assistant professor and Frank C. Erwin Jr. Centennial Fellow in government, University of Texas at Austin; and “The Origins and Rationality of the ‘Legal versus Legitimate’ Dichotomy Invoked in Mexico’s 2006 Post-Electoral Conflict” by Todd A. Eisenstadt, assistant professor of government, American University. In addition to providing the introductory paper, Mr. Klesner also contributed “The 2006 Mexican Presidential Election: The Economy, Oil Revenues, and Ideology” to the issue.

Staffan I. Lindberg, assistant professor of political science, University of Florida, published “Institutionalization of Party Systems? Stability and Fluidity among Legislative Parties in Africa’s Democracies” in the Spring 2006 Government and Opposition. Using Sartori's and Mainwaring and Scully's work on consolidation and institutionalization of party systems as touch stones, this article analyzes the evolution of party systems with regards to stability and fluidity of legislative party configurations in Africa's democratic states. Key findings are that party system institutionalization has not occurred over an extended period, as the comparative literature would suggest; and that institutionalized party system configurations seem largely unrelated to electoral system, but rather have been stable from the onset of multiparty elections

On December 8, 2006, Mr. Lindberg was also invited as a speaker on “Do Elections Matter?” at a U.S. Department of State conference on “Elections and Democratization in West Africa” in Washington, D.C. He also presented a paper on “The Power of Elections” at the Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies on February 7, 2007.

Jason M. K. Lyall, assistant professor of politics and international affairs, Princeton University, published “Pocket Protests: Rhetorical Coercion and the Micropolitics of Collective Action in Semi-Authoritarian Regimes” in the April 2006 World Politics. The article examines the impact of repression on collective action in semi-authoritarian countries by comparing anti-war protest cycles during Russia’s first (1994–96) and second (1999– ) Chechen wars. Drawing on event data, interviews, primary documents, and participant observation, the article concludes that activist culture, rather than state repression, most significantly shapes an organization’s ability to attract and mobilize recruits behind efforts to change policy.

David Mason, Johnie Christian Family Peace Professor of Political Science, University of North Texas, and James Meernik edited Conflict Prevention and Peace-Building in Post-War Societies: Sustaining the Peace (Routledge, 2006). The volume provides an overview of the costs, benefits, consequences, and prospects for rebuilding nations emerging from violent conflict. The chapters analyze the prospects for building a sustainable peace from a number of perspectives, including the role of economic development, democratization, respect for human rights, the potential for renewal of conflict, the United Nations, and other critical topics.

Devra C. Moehler, 2005–2007 Academy Scholar, Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies, and assistant professor of government, Cornell University, published “Public Participation and Support for the Constitution in Uganda” in the June 2006 Journal of Modern African Studies. The article tests the claim that public participation in the Ugandan constitution-making process built support for the 1995 constitution. In-depth interviews reveal that local political leaders, not public participation, caused citizens to judge the constitution’s legitimacy.

Bruce E. Moon, professor of international relations, Lehigh University, Patrick Schmid, Joshua Hermias, Elizabeth Mendenhall, Jennifer Birdsall, Lauren Garlett, Wai Wong, and Slvia Ciesluk published “Voting Counts: Participation in the Measurement of Democracy” in the Summer 2006 Studies in Comparative International Development. Responding to the exclusion of participation as a variable in the commonly used measures of democracy, the authors introduce a new indicator, the Participation Enhanced Polity Score, which augments institutions facts with the breadth of citizen participation. Using statistical evidence on democratic persistence, basic needs fulfillment, and gender equality, they demonstrate that no measure of democracy can be considered an accurate representation of its basic character without directly including participation as a core component.

Juliana Geran Pilon, research professor of politics and culture and Earhart fellow, Institute of World Politics, recently published Why America Is Such a Hard Sell: Beyond Pride and Prejudice (University Press of America, 2007), in which Ms. Pilon uses literature, political science, philosophy, history, and humor to explore some of the reasons for America’s current predicament. Ms. Pilon and Richard W. Soudriette also edited Every Vote Counts: The Role of Elections in Building Democracy (University Press of America, forthcoming), in which contributors explore the role of foreign electoral assistance in helping to spread democracy during the past two decades. The editors use the experiences of democracy professionals, who often use case studies to describe what worked on the ground, instead of relying on conjectures.

Benjamin Reilly, director of the Centre for Democratic Institutions, Australian National University, published Democracy and Diversity: Political Engineering in the Asia-Pacific (Oxford University Press, 2006), which examines how the new democracies of the Asia-Pacific region have sought to manage the impacts of social cleavages and promote greater political stability by increasingly convergent reforms to their electoral, parliamentary, and party systems. Complementing this new book, Mr. Reilly also published “Political Engineering in the Asia-Pacific” in the January 2007 Journal of Democracy and gave presentations drawn from his work at the East West Center in Hawaii, Korea University in Seoul, and the Australian National University.

In the December 2006 Democratization, Mr. Reilly also published “Political Engineering and Party Politics in Conflict-Prone Societies” as part of a broader project on political party regulation and development co-sponsored by the Centre for Democratic Institutions, International IDEA, and the United Nations University.

Lloyd Rudolph, Emeritus Professor of Political Science, University of Chicago, Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, et al. published “Comparative Education, Area Studies, and the Disciplines” a moderated discussion in the February 2006 Comparative Education Review, in which participants addressed the universality and specificity in social science, as well as the role of higher education in forming global citizens.

The Research Committee of Legislative Specialists of the International Political Science Association, of which Edward Schneier, emeritus professor of political science, City University of New York, serves as treasurer, is planning an August 2007 conference in Albany, New York on the general theme of legislative development and change. For further details, please contact Mr. Schneier at nedmarg@earthlink.net.

Jan Teorell, associate professor of political science, Lund University, and Axel Hadenius published “Pathways from Authoritarianism” in the January 2007 Journal of Democracy, in which they present a new cross-sectional, time-series data set on authoritarian regime types from 1972–2003. Using this data, they show that some kinds of authoritarian regimes are more likely to democratize than others.

Professors Teorell and Hadenius also published “Democracy without Democratic Values: A Rejoinder to Welzel and Inglehart” in the Fall 2006 Studies in Comparative International Development, in which they debate whether mass political culture affects democratization.

Tatu Vanhanen, visiting researcher, department of political science, University of Helsinki, and Richard Lynn published IQ and Global Inequality (Washington Summit Publishers, 2006), in which the authors use cross national data on per capita income, adult literacy, tertiary enrollment, life expectancy, and levels of democratization to test the relationship between national IQ and the quality of human conditions.

Christian Welzel, professor of political science, Jacobs University Bremen, published “Democratization as an Emancipative Achievement: The Neglected Role of Mass Attitudes” in the October 2006 European Journal of Political Research, in which the author argues that democratization should be driven by emancipative forces in the population and that these forces are reflected in mass attitudes for liberty. Based on evidence from the World Values Surveys, the analyses show that more than any other indicator more widespread liberty aspirations facilitate progress and impede regression in the process of democratization.

Mr. Welzel and Ronald Inglehart also published “Emancipative Values and Democracy: Response to Hadenius and Teorell” in the Fall 2006 Studies in Comparative International Development, in which the authors argue that Hadenius and Teorell’s attempt to disprove a causal effect of emancipative mass orientations on democracy is flawed.

Call for Submissions: Papers for the AUDEM’s 2007 Conference
The Alliance of Universities for Democracy (AUDEM) is an organization of universities from the U.S. and primarily Central and Eastern Europe whose mission is to provide an opportunity for universities from both sides of the Atlantic to become more familiar with each other and to pursue collaborative institutional partnerships and other joint activities. AUDEM also collaborates with other organizations, such as the American Association of State Colleges and Universities and the Council for Social Work Education on specific projects. Its 2007 annual conference will be held November 4–7, 2007, in Cluj, Romania at the Babes-Bolyai University. The tentative conference theme will be “Tensions and Opportunities in Post-Transitional and Transitional Societies.” A call for papers will be released in March. Additional information is available at www.audem.org or by contacting Henry J. Steck, Distinguished Service Professor of political science, and interim director of the James M. Clark Center for International Education, SUNY Cortland, at steckh@cortland.edu.

Call for Submissions: “Democracy and Society”
“Democracy and Society” a publication of the Center for Democracy and Civil Society at Georgetown University is seeking well-written, interesting submissions of 800-1200 words on the theme of “Democratization on the Defensive,” including papers on the backlash against democracy assistance, the reemergence of authoritarianism as a viable mode of governance, and the implication for civil societies and nonprofit sectors around the world.

Submissions can include summaries and/or excerpts of recently completed research, new publications, and work in progress. For more information, visit http://cdacs.georgetown.edu/newsletter.htm or contact Julie Lantrip or Sarah Cross at cdats06@gmail.com. Submissions for the issue are due Friday, February 23, 2007.

Call for Syllabi from the Council for a Community of Democracies
The Council for a Community of Democracies (www.ccd21.org), a nongovernmental democracy promotion organization located in Washington, D.C., is seeking to expand the section of its Web site devoted to course materials in the academic field of international democratization by collecting syllabi or reading lists associated with comparative democratization, democratic transitions, democracy promotion, or any other related material. The information collected will be included in a database of democracy-education resources that will appear on their Web site. Materials can be mailed to info@ccd21.org.

Master’s Degree Program in Democratic Governance at the University of Cape Town
The Democracy in Africa Research Unit of the University of Cape Town announces the launch of a new postgraduate Honors/M.A. program in democratic governance within the university’s department of political studies. The program will combine strong training in basic research methods and social statistics with focused courses on the empirical study of democratic politics. Visit http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/politics/pg/pg.htm for detailed course descriptions and admission requirements. Application information is available at http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/hum/new or by e-mail (aweger@humanities.act.ac.za).

Master’s Degree Program in Democracy Studies at Georgetown University
The Center for Democracy and Civil Society and Georgetown University’s Department of Government is accepting applications for a master’s degree program in democracy studies. Created in fall 2006, the program addresses the diverse needs of a growing population working in the field of democracy promotion, with a specific focus on issues of democracy and development, and on improving the quality of democratic life around the world. Applications for fall 2007 admissions are due February 15, 2007. For additional information visit www.georgetown.edu/centers/cdats/maprogramaims.htm.

Master’s Degree Program in Democracy and Democratization at University College London
The Department of Political Science and the School of Public Policy at University College London offers a master’s degree program in democracy and democratization. The program focuses on the design and operation of democratic institutions in old and new democracies. Visit www.ucl.ac.uk/spp/teaching/msc-democracy-democratisation/ or write to Sherrill Stroschein (s.stroschein@ucl.ac.uk) for more information.


7. RECENT CONFERENCES

On November 9–11, 2006, the Northeastern Political Science Association held its annual meeting in Boston, where panel sessions included deliberative democracy, the EU and democratization in Southeast Europe, Islam, democracy and radicalism, and nationalism, liberalism, and democracy. A preliminary program is available at http://facpub.stjohns.edu/.

On November 16–19 2006, the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies held its thirty-eighth national convention in Washington, D.C. Democracy-related panel sessions included post-communist public opinion, post-Orange Revolution politics in Ukraine, transitions in Albania, democracy and gender, and normalization and democratization in Yugoslavia. A final program is available at www.fas.harvard.edu/~aaass/convention/2006program.pdf.

The African Studies Association held its forty-ninth annual meeting on November 16–19, 2006, in San Francisco. Section member (and founding chair) John W. Harbeson of City University of New York was co-chair of this year’s program, whose theme was “(Re)Thinking Africa and the World: Internal Reflections, External Responses.” Visit www.africanstudies.org/asa_annualmeeting2006.html for a final program.

The Middle East Studies Association held its fortieth annual conference on November 18–21, 2006, in Boston. Scheduled panel topics include: “Islamic Politics in Turkey,” “Islamic and Islamist Activism,” “Recent Elections in the Middle East: The Politics of the Unexpected,” “Interpreting the Egyptian Elections of 2005,” and “Shaping and Reshaping Lebanon.” Visit www.mesa.arizona.edu/annual/current.htm for a final program and registration details.


8. FUTURE CONFERENCES

On February 28–March 3, 2007, the International Studies Association will hold its forty-eighth annual convention on “Politics, Policy, and Responsible Scholarship” in Chicago, Illinois. Democracy-related panel topics include democracy and human rights, democracy and terrorism, and development, democracy and justice. A 455-page preliminary program and conference blog are available at www.isanet.org/chicago2007/. Conference papers will be available after the conference.

The Association for Asian Studies will hold its annual meeting on March 22–25, 2007, in Boston, Massachusetts. Scheduled panel topics include political reform in the Philippines, civil society in Vietnam, governance reforms in rural India, democracy and China, the state of democracy in Southeast Asia, and democracy and the politics of Islamism in Bangladesh. A preliminary program and hotel information are available at www.aasianst.org/annmtg.htm.

On April 11–13, 2007, the Political Studies Association will hold its fifty-seventh annual conference at the University of Bath. The theme of this year’s conference is “Europe and Global Politics” and scheduled topics include “Europe, Globalization, and Democracy,” “Democratic Transition and Institution Building,” and “Development Politics: International Democracy Promotion.” A preliminary program and a call for papers are available at www.psa.ac.uk/2007/default.htm. The deadline for paper submissions is March 23, 2007.


9. NEW RESEARCH

Journal of Democracy

The January 2007 (Volume 18, no. 1) issue of the Journal of Democracy features clusters of articles on Mexico and the emergence of democracies, as well as individual articles on the crisis of democracy, revolutions, the Asia-Pacific, Malaysia, presidential term limits, and pathways from authoritarianism. The full texts of selected articles and the tables of contents of all issues are available on the Journal’s Web site.

“The Perpetual Crises of Democracy” by Guillermo O’Donnell
Democracy is and always will be in some kind of crisis, for it is constantly redirecting its citizens’ gaze from a more or less unsatisfactory present toward a future of still unfulfilled possibilities.

How Democracies Emerge
I. “The ‘Sequencing’ Fallacy” by Thomas Carothers
Many critics of democracy promotion assert that the rule of law and a well-functioning state should be in place before a society democratizes, but this strategy of ‘sequencing’ is based on a set of mistaken premises.

II. “Lessons from Europe” by Sheri Berman
Those who argue that democracy requires preconditions often cite the example of gradual unfolding set by the established democracies. A glance at history, however, shows that even today’s most placid democracies have ‘backstories’ as turbulent as anything found in the developing world today.

“Revolution Reconsidered” by Charles H. Fairbanks, Jr.
The recent ‘color revolutions’ in the former Soviet Union should lead us to reassess the idea of revolution and also to consider the weaknesses of the concept of ‘democratic transition.’

“Political Engineering in the Asia-Pacific” by Benjamin Reilly
The 1997 financial crisis undermined the argument for a putative ‘Asian-style democracy’ that prioritized economic development over political liberalization. Yet recent electoral and other reforms have set the stage for the emergence of a genuine ‘Asian model’ of democracy.

The Mexican Standoff
I. “Taught to Protest, Learning to Lose” by Luis Estrada and Alejandro Poiré
A crucial requirement of government by consent is the willingness of defeated candidates and parties to concede when the voters’ verdict goes against them. Events in Mexico following its July 2006 presidential election have sorely tested that country’s young democracy in this regard.

II. “The Mobilization of Distrust” by Andreas Schedler
Mexico’s system of electoral governance and dispute settlement worked reasonably well, yet it created too much noise and too many needless invitations to distrust. The failures observed were less those of institutions than of actors. The loser reacted deplorably, but none of those involved acted in a manner beyond reproach.

III. “Looking to the Future” by Jorge G. Castañeda and Marco A. Morales
Examining Mexico’s electoral rules, political institutions, and the ways in which they interact with one another can tell us much about how its current difficulties developed and how they might be resolved.

“Malaysia: Turnover Without Change” by Thomas B. Pepinsky
When Abdullah Ahmad Badawi succeeded Mahathir Mohamad as prime minister in 2003, many expected far reaching change in Malaysia. So far, however, turnover at the top has not led to significant democratic progress.

“The Case for Presidential Term Limits” by Gideon Maltz
Presidential term limits have spread across the world, but in many countries presidents and their allies seek to circumvent or eliminate them. Advocates of democracy must protect this institution, as its role in democratization may be far more powerful than is conventionally recognized.

“Pathways from Authoritarianism” by Axel Hadenius and Jan Teorell
Does the nature of an authoritarian regime affect the potential for democratic transition? Data since 1972 indicate that some kinds of authoritarian regimes are more likely to democratize than others.

“Candidate Selection: The Choice Before the Choice” by Gideon Rahat
Voters casting ballots are an indispensable element of free government, but who decides which names go on those ballots? Although methods of candidate selection have received surprisingly little study by political scientists, they merit the attention of students of democracy everywhere.

Democratization

The December 2006 (Volume 13, no. 5) issue of Democratization is a special issue devoted to the topic “Securing Democracy in Complex Environments” and includes case studies of Iraq, Bosnia, Palestine, Sierra Leone, as well as individual articles on civil-military relations, and political engineering and party politics in conflict zones.

“Securing Democracy in Complex Environments” by Julia Buxton

“Political Elites and Democratic State-Building Efforts in Bosnia and Iraq” by Carrie Manning

“Building Democracy in Palestine: Liberal Peace Theory and the Election of Hamas” by Mandy Turner

“International Response to Democratic Crisis in the Americas, 1990–2005” by Jennifer McCoy

“Democratization as a Global Phenomenon and its Impact on Civil-Military Relations” by Thomas Bruneau and Harold Trinkunas

“The Challenge of the Security Sector and Security Reform Processes in Democratic Transitions: The Case of Sierra Leone” by Jeremy Ginifer

“Political Engineering and Party Politics in Conflict-Prone Societies” by Benjamin Reilly

“Diversity, Conflict and Democracy: Some Evidence from Eurasia and East Europe” by M. Steven Fish and Matthew Kroenig

Democratization
The February 2007 (Volume 14, no. 1) issue of Democratization features articles on constitution making in Kenya, trajectories of reform in Malaysia and Indonesia, citizen participation in Europe, election outcomes in South Africa, the European party system, party finance in South Africa, and regime-building in Kosovo.

“Constitution Making and Democratization in Kenya (2000–2005)” by Jill Cottrell and Yash Ghai

“What a Little Democracy Can Do: Comparing Trajectories of Reform in Malaysia and Indonesia” by Meredith L. Weiss

“Voting and Protesting: Explaining Citizen Participation in Old and New European Democracies” by Patrick Bernhagen and Michael Marsh

“Elections, Election Outcomes, and Democracy in Southern Africa” by Matthijs Bogaards

“Party System Instability in Europe: Persistent Differences in Volatility between West and East?” by Jan-Erik Lane and Svante Ersson

“Political Party Finance in South Africa: Disclosure Versus Secrecy” by Ivor Sarakinsky

“Democratization without a State: Democratic Regime-building in Kosovo” by Oisin Tansey

“Challenges of Evaluating Democracy Assistance: Perspectives from the Donor Side” by Andrew T. Green and Richard D. Kohl

SELECTED JOURNAL ARTICLES ON DEMOCRACY

This section features selected articles on democracy that appeared in journals received by the NED’s Democracy Resource Center, October 2006–January 2007.

African Affairs, Vol. 105, no. 421, October 2006
“Political Critique in Nigerian Video Films” by Jonathan Haynes

“Social Capital, Social Liabilities, and Political Capital: Social Networks and Informal Manufacturing in Nigeria” by Kate Meagher

“Rural Islamism during the ‘War on Terror:’ A Tanzanian Case Study” by Felicitas Becker

“Ethiopian Political Culture Strikes Back: A Rejoinder to J. Abbink” by Tobias Hagmann

“Interpreting Ethiopian Elections in their Context: A Reply to Tobias Hagmann” by J. Abbink

African Affairs, Vol. 106, no. 422, January 2007
“Consociationalism and Power Sharing in Africa: Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo” by Rene Lemarchand

“Reshuffling an Old Deck of Cards? The Politics of Local Government Reform in Sierra Leone” by Paul Jackson

Asian Survey, Vol. XXXVII, no. III, November 2006
“A Democratic Paradox: The Communalization of Politics in Ceylon, 1911–1948” by Harshan Kumarasingham

Central Asian Survey, Vol. 25, no. 1–2, March–June 2006
“Afghanistan’s Post-Taliban Transition: The State of State-Building after War” by Thomas H. Johnson

“The Pendulum of Gender Politics in Afghanistan” by Maliha Zulfacar

“Selective Enforcement and Irresponsibility: Central Asia’s Shrinking Space for Independent Media” by Olivia Allison

Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 40, no. 1, January 2007
“Transactional and Participatory Activism in the Emerging European Polity: The Puzzle of East-Central Europe” by Tsveta Petrova and Sidney Tarrow

Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 39, no. 10, December 2006
“Noncoercive Mobilization in State-Controlled Elections: An Experimental Study in Beijing” by Mei Guan and Donald P. Green

“The Impact of Economic Versus Institutional Factors in the Elite Evalutions of Presidential Progress toward Democracy in Latin America” by Benjamin G. Bishin, Robert R. Barr, and Matthew J. Lebo

“Civic Responsibility and Patterns of Voluntary Participation around the World” by Mary Alice Haddad

Comparative Politics, Vol. 39, no. 1, October 2006
“Organized Labor and Democracy in Latin America” by Steven Levitsky and Scott Mainwaring

“International Imperatives and Tax Reform: Lessons from Postcommunist Europe” by Hillel Appel

“Legislative Gender Quotas and Indian Exceptionalism: The Travails of the Women’s Reservation Bill” by Vicky Randall

“Transitions to Democracy and Internal Party Rules: Spain in Comparative Perspectives” by Bonnie N. Field

Current History, Vol. 106, no. 696, January 2007
“The Middle East Freedom Agenda: An Update” by Tamara Cofman Wittes and Sarah E. Yerkes

“Stalled Reform: The Case of Egypt” by Hala Mustafa and Augustus Richard Norton

Demokratizatsiya, Vol. 14, no. 4, Fall 2006
“The Orange Revolution at the Crossroads” by Taras Kuzio

“Why Donbass Votes for Yanukovych: Confronting the Ukrainian Orange Revolution” by Ararat L. Osipian and Alexandr L. Osipian

“Mythmaking and Its Discontents in the 2004 Ukrainian Presidential Campaign” by Olena Yatsunska

“Geopolitics versus Democracy in Tajikistan” by Shahram Akbarzadeh

“Nationalism and the Transition to Democracy: The Post-Soviet Experience” by Graeme Gill

Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 58, no. 6, September 2006
“The Misuses of Manipulation: The Failure of Transitional Justice in Post-Communist Hungary” by Csilla Kiss

Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 58, no. 7, November 2006
“Poland’s Politics and the Travails of Transition after 2001: The 2005 Elections” by Frances Millard

“Cossack Identity in the New Russia: Kuban Cossack Revival and Local Politics” by Hege Toje

“Accounting for Organization and Financing. A Comparison of Four Hungarian Parties” by Zsolt Enyedi

Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 58, no. 8, December 2006
“Dethroning Stalin: Poland 1956 and its Legacy” by Tony Kemp-Welch

“The Polish-Soviet Confrontation in 1956 and the Attempted Soviet Military Intervention in Poland” by Krzysztof Persak

“Re-emergence of Public Opinion in the Soviet Union: Khrushchev and Responses to the Secret Speech” by Karl E. Lowenstein

“The Fog of Hungary’s Negotiated Revolution” by Nigel Swain

Federations, Vol. 5, no. 3, October/November 2006
“Tug-of-War over Constitutional Change in the Philippines” by Yvonne T. Chua

“Shifting Electoral Laws Benefit Putin” by Svetlana Babayeva

“Serbian Parliament Approves New Constitution” by Nick Hawton

“Mexican Election Separated Rich and Poor States” by Lisa J. Adams

“Indian Federalism Tackles the Problems of Castes” by Ash Narain Roy

Foreign Affairs, Vol. 85, no. 6, November/December 2006
“The New Middle East” by Richard N. Haass

“The Future of Lebanon” by Paul Salem

“Danger and Opportunity in Eastern Europe” by F. Stephen Larrabee

Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 15, no. 49, November 2006
“Women’s Political Participation in China: In Whose Interests Elections?” by Jude Howell

Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 6, no. 3, September-December 2006
“Party Fabrication: Constitutional Reform and the Rise of Thai Rak Thai” by Allen Hicken

“Financial Reform, Institutional Interdependency, and Supervisory Failure in Postcrisis Korea” by Hong-Bum Kim and Chung H. Lee

Journal of Legislative Studies, Vol. 12, nos. 3–4, September–December 2006
“The Baltic Parliaments: Legislative Performance from Independence to EU Accession” by Vello Pettai and Ülle Madise

“Parliaments and the Enhancement of Democracy on the African Continent: An Analysis of Institutional Capacity and Public Perceptions” by Lia Nijzink, Shaheen Mozaffar, and Elisabete Azevedo

Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 44, no. 4, December 2006
“Cape Verde: The Most Democratic Nation in Africa?” by Bruce Baker

“The Local Appropriation of Democracy: An Analysis of the Municipal Elections in Parakou, Republic of Benin, 2002–2003” by Thomas Bierschenk

“On the Road to the State’s Perdition? Authority and Sovereignty in the Niger Delta, Nigeria” by Ruben Eberlein

“Ghana’s Political Parties: How Ethno/Regional Variations Sustain the National Two-Party System” by Minion K.C. Morrison

Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 28, no. 4, November 2006
“Women’s Human Rights in the Koran: An Interpretive Approach” by Niaz A. Shah

Middle East Journal, Vol. 60, no. 4, Autumn 2006
“Democracy, ‘Arab Exceptionalism,’ and Social Science” by Iliya Harik

“What Do Egypt’s Islamists Want? Moderate Islam and the Rise of Islamic Constitutionalism” by Bruce K. Rutherford

Pacific Affairs, Vol. 79, no. 2, Summer 2006
“State, Society and Democratic Consolidations” by Kheang Un

“Political Leadership and Civilian Supremacy in Third Wave Democracies: Comparing South Korea and Indonesia” by Yong Cheol Kim, R. William Liddle, and Salim Said

“Foreigners and Civil Society in Japan” by Apichai W. Shipper

Party Politics, Vol. 12, no. 6, November 2006
“Do Voters Vote for Government Coalitions? Testing Downs’ Pessimistic Conclusion” by Andre Blais, John H. Aldrich, Indridi H. Indridason, and Renan Levine

“The Structure of Party Alternatives and Voter Choice in Russia: Evidence from the 2003–2004 Regional Legislative Elections” by Grigorii V. Golosov

“The Will of the Parties Versus the Will of the People? Defections, Elections and Alliances in South Africa” by Susan Booysen

Party Politics, Vol. 13, no. 1, January 2007
“Charisma, Leader Effects and Support for Right-Wing Populist Parties” by Wouter van der Brug and Anthony Mughan

Policy Review, No. 139, October/November 2006
“Anti-Americanisms” by Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane

“The French Path to Jihad” by John Rosenthal

The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 30, no. 1, Winter 2006–2007
“The Syrian Opposition” by Joshua Landis and Joe Pace

“A Win-Win U.S. Strategy for Dealing with Iran” by Michael McFaul, Abbas Milani, and Larry Diamond

“How Relevant Is the Iranian Street?” by Karim Sadjadpour

“Understanding Iran’s New Authoritarianism” by Elliot Hen-Tov

World Affairs, Vol. 169, no. 2, Fall 2006
“Reassessing Support for Islam and Democracy in the Arab World? Evidence from Egypt and Jordan” by Amaney A. Jamal

SELECTED NEW BOOKS ON DEMOCRACY

ADVANCED DEMOCRACIES
Are Americans Becoming More Peaceful? By Paul Joseph. Paradigm, 2007. 286 pp.

Citizen Speak: The Democratic Imagination in American Life. By Andrew J. Perrin. University of Chicago Press, 2006. 214 pp.

Civic Engagement: Social Science and Progressive-Era Reform in New York City. By John Louis Recchiuti. Penn Press, 2006. 311 pp.

A Country That Works: Getting America Back on Track. By Andy Stern. Free Press, 2006. 212 pp.

The Demise of the American Convention System, 1880–1911. By John F. Reynolds. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 270 pp.

The European Union Decides. Edited by Robert Thomson, Frans N. Stokman, Christopher H. Achen, and Thomas Konig. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 372 pp.

The Fallacy of Campaign Finance Reform. By John Samples. University of Chicago Press, 2006. 375 pp.

Is Democracy Possible Here? Principles for a New Political Debate. By Ronald Dworkin. Princeton University Press, 2006. 177 pp.

The Marketplace of Democracy: Electoral Competition and American Politics. Edited by Michael P. McDonald and John Samples. Brookings Institution, 2006. 312 pp.

A New Engagement? Political Participation, Civic Life, and the Changing American Citizen. By Cliff Zukin, Scott Keeter, Molly Andolina, Krista Jenkins, and Michael X. Delli Carpini. Oxford University Press, 2006. 253 pp.

The Paradox of Democratic Capitalism: Politics and Economics in American Thought. By David F. Prindle. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. 368 pp.

The Primacy of Politics: Social Democracy and the Making of Europe’s Twentieth Century. By Sheri E. Berman. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 228 pp.

The Race to 270: The Electoral College and the Campaign Strategies of 2000 and 2004. By Daron R. Shaw. University of Chicago Press, 2006. 232 pp.

AFRICA
Democracy and Elections in Africa. By Staffan I. Lindberg. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. 227 pp.

Ethnic Federalism: The Ethiopian Experience in Comparative Perspective. Edited by David Turton. Ohio University Press, 2006. 246 pp.

Women’s Organizations and Democracy in South Africa: Contesting Authority. By Shireen Hassim. University of Wisconsin Press, 2006. 355 pp.

ASIA
Beyond Liberal Democracy: Political Thinking for an East Asian Context. By Daniel A. Bell. Princeton University Press, 2006. 379 pp.

Civil Society and Democratization: Social Movements in Northeast Thailand. By Somchai Phatharathananunth. NIAS Press, 2006. 251 pp.

Political Parties in the Pacific Islands. Edited by Roland Rich with Luke Hambly and Michael G. Morgan. Pandanus, 2006. 229 pp.

EASTERN EUROPE AND THE FORMER SOVIET UNION
Clinton’s Foreign Policy in Russia: From Deterrence and Isolation to Democratization and Engagement. By George A. MacLean. Ashgate, 2006. 162 pp.

Conversations on Russia: Reform from Yeltsin to Putin. By Padma Desai. Oxford University Press, 2006. 383 pp.

Democratic Transition in Slovenia: Value Transformation, Education, and Media. Edited by Sabrina P. Ramet and Danica Fink-Hafner. Texas A&M University Press, 296 pp.

Endgame in the Balkans: Regime Change, European Style. By Elizabeth Pond. Brookings Institution, 2006. 412 pp.

Funding Civil Society: Foreign Assistance and NGO Development in Russia. By Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom. Stanford University Press, 2006. 272 pp.

How Russia Is Not Ruled: Reflections on Russian Political Development. By Allen C. Lynch. Cambridge University Press, 2005. 276 pp.

Peace at Any Price: How the World Failed Kosovo. By Iain King and Whit Mason. Cornell University Press, 2006. 303 pp.

The Political Landscape of Georgia: Political Parties—Achievements, Challenges and Prospects. Edited by Ghia Nodia and Alvaro Pinto Scholtbach. Eburon Academic Publishers, 2006. 268 pp.

The Russian Democratic Party Yabloko: Opposition in a Managed Democracy. By David White. Ashgate, 2006. 263 pp.

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
Corruption in Cuba: Castro and Beyond. By Sergio Diaz-Briquets and Jorge Perez-Lopez. University of Texas Press, 2006. 286 pp.

The Crisis of Democratic Representation in the Andes. Edited by Scott Mainwaring, Ana Maria Bejarano, and Eduardo Pizarro Leongomez. Stanford University Press, 2006. 359 pp.

Cuba Represent! Cuban Arts, State Power, and the Making of New Revolutionary Cultures. By Sujatha Fernandes. Duke University Press, 2006. 218 pp.

Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns in the Americas. By Steven Griner and Daniel Zovatto. OAS and International IDEA, 2005. 232 pp.

MIDDLE EAST
Peacemaking: The Inside Story of the 1994 Jordanian-Israeli Treaty. By Abdul Salam Majali, Jawad A. Anani, and Munther J. Haddadin. University of Oklahoma Press, 2006. 353 pp.

Perilous Power: The Middle East and U.S. Foreign Policy. By Noam Chomsky and Gilbert Achcar. Paradigm, 2007. 276 pp.

COMPARATIVE, THEORETICAL, GENERAL
Bureaucracy in a Democratic State: A Governance Perspective. By Kenneth J. Meier and Laurence J. O’Toole, Jr. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. 181 pp.

Confronting the Weakest Link: Aiding Political Parties in New Democracies. By Thomas Carothers. Carnegie Endowment, 2006. 269 pp.

Deliberative Democracy and Divided Societies. By Ian O’Flynn. Palgrave MacMillan, 2006. 181 pp.

Democracy, Conflict and Human Security: Pursuing Peace in the 21st Century. By Judith Large and Timothy D. Sisk. International IDEA, 2006. 243 pp.

Democratic Politics and Party Competition. Edited by Judith Bara and Albert Weale. Routledge, 2006. 315 pp.

Democratic Processes and Financial Markets: Pricing Politics. By William Bernhard and David Leglang. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 253 pp.

Democratization: The State of the Art. Edited by Drik Berg-Schlosser. ISBS, 2004. 160 pp.

Depression, War, and Cold War: Studies in Political Economy. By Robert Higgs. Independent Institute, 2006. 221 pp.

Design for Ecological Democracy. By Randolph T. Hester. MIT Press, 2006. 509 pp.

Doubt and the Demands of Democratic Citizenship. By David R. Hiley. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 186 pp.

Elite Foundations of Liberal Democracy. By John Higley and Michael Burton. Rowman and Littlefield, 2006. 229 pp.

Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know? By Philip E. Tetlock. Princeton University Press, 2005. 321 pp.

Exploring and Shaping International Futures. By Barry B. Hughes and Evan E. Hillebrand. Paradigm Publishers, 2006. 238 pp.

Mandate Politics. By Lawrence J. Grossback, David A.M. Peterson, and James A. Stimson. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 208 pp.

Multiparty Democracy: Elections and Legislative Politics. By Norman Schofield and Itai Sened. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 223 pp.

Parliament and Democracy in the Twenty-First Century: A Guide to Good Practice. By David Beetham. Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2006. 215 pp.

Party/Politics: Horizons in Black Political Thought. By Michael Hanchard. Oxford University Press, 2006. 324 pp.

Patriotism and Other Mistakes. By George Kateb. Yale University Press, 2006. 422 pp.

Piecing a Democratic Quilt: Regional Organizations and Universal Norms. By Edward R. McMahon. Kumarian, 2006. 244 pp.

Pluralism: Developments in the Theory and Practice of Democracy. Edited by Rainer Eisfeld. ISBS, 2006. 126 pp.

A Preface to Democratic Theory. By Robert A. Dahl. Expanded edition, University of Chicago Press, 2006. 176 pp.

Principles of Constitutional Design. By Donald S. Lutz. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 261 pp.

Putting Ideas to Work: A Practical Introduction to Political Thought. By Mark Mattern. Rowman and Littlefield, 2006. 459 pp.

Regimes and Repertoires. By Charles Tilly. University of Chicago Press, 2006. 256 pp.

Runaway State-Building: Patronage Politics and Democratic Development. By Conor O’Dwyer. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. 278 pp.

Toward Perpetual Peace and Other Writings on Politics, Peace, and History. By Immanuel Kant. Edited by Pauline Kleingeld. Yale University Press, 2006. 265 pp.

Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice. Edited by Naomi Roht-Arriaza and Javier Mariezcurrena. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 346 pp.

Unexpected Power: Conflict and Change Among Transnational Activists. By Shareen Hertel. Cornell University Press, 2006. 159 pp.

The United Nations, Peace and Security: From Collective Security to the Responsibility to Protect. By Ramesh Thakur. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 388 pp.