1. CURRENT SECTION OFFICERS

Chair (2003–2005): Cynthia McClintock, Professor of Political Science,George Washington University, mcclin@gwu.edu

Vice-chair (2002–2004): Nancy Bermeo, Professor of Politics, Princeton University, bermeo@princeton.edu

Secretary (2002–2004): Harry W. Blair, Senior Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Yale University, harry.blair@yale.edu

Treasurer (2003–2005): William Reisinger, Professor of Political Science, University of Iowa, william-reisinger@uiowa.edu

Newsletter Editor (ex officio): Thomas W. Skladony, Senior Program Officer, International Forum for Democratic Studies, National Endowment for Democracy, tom@ned.org 

2. REPORT FROM THE CHAIR

With tremendous contributions from many members, the Comparative Democratization Section has continued to move forward since our October newsletter. As always, we need your input and heartily welcome your thoughts and recommendations for the Section.

First, we are delighted that, in a competitive election, outgoing section chair John W. Harbeson won membership on the APSA Council.  Not only did he richly deserve this honor, but he will be able to represent the interests and concerns of democratization specialists in Council deliberations.

Our improved Web site is up and running! The address is www.ned.org/apsa-CD/home.html. You can access the site directly or through the APSA section directory link at www.apsanet.org. We are especially indebted to Anja Håvedal, program assistant at NED’s International Forum for Democratic Studies, for her careful and artistic work on the Web site.

Many thanks also to those Section members who have contributed comparative democratization syllabi for posting on the Web site. Of course, we would like to place a larger number of syllabi on the site. As many of you undoubtedly have just prepared course reading lists for the new semester, we encourage you to forward your most relevant syllabi to Tom Skladony (tom@ned.org) for posting.

For the first time, a substantive article appears in our newsletter. The article is an illuminating critical review of recent works on democratization in Africa by John Harbeson. We expect to publish similar overviews on each of the other principal world regions in future issues. Enjoy!

We are delighted that our award committee for Best Field Work has been finalized. This is an exciting new award that highlights our Section’s commitment to empirical research in one or more countries. Peruse the details below in the Section News heading.

If you have not already done so, please nominate your favorite book and article for a prize in Chicago . Again, please check the details in Section News, below.

Our campaign to endow the Section’s dissertation prize in honor of Juan Linz is well underway, thanks to the vigorous efforts of Larry Diamond and generous gifts from numerous Section members.  If you have not yet contributed, we hope that you will. Please contact our treasurer, William Reisinger, at william-reisinger@uiowa.edu, for the necessary form.

We are continuing to work with other sections and with APSA to secure plenary speakers outside the American-politics mainstream for Chicago . Details to come!

After consultation with our Section officers, I have decided not to launch a Section Listserv at this time. We are proud of our Newsletter and are not convinced that a Listserv would provide value added.  However, I invite volunteers who would like to prove us wrong to contact me.

In December, we faced an emergency: 2004 program chair Daniel Brumberg’s baby arrived early, just as he had begun reviewing paper and panel proposals for our upcoming annual meeting. Understandably, Dan asked to be relieved of this duty. Fortunately, John Harbeson stepped into the breach, generous as always with his time and wisdom.  It is always difficult to choose the best panels and papers from the abundant excellent proposals, but John is working rigorously and thoughtfully, and securing input from other Section officers as well. We expect a wonderful array of Comparative Democratization panels in Chicago.  Stay tuned—highlights will be featured in our May newsletter.

Cynthia McClintock

3. EDITOR'S NOTE

This issue of our Section’s newsletter is full of many good features but none gives me greater pleasure to introduce than John Harbeson’s splendid overview of recent work on democracy in Africa. We asked John to submit a piece that was both serious in tone and conversational in voice, presenting an annotated listing of what he considers the most important recent books in the field. And we asked him to include works that would appeal not just to experienced Africanists but to those new to the field, and even to comparativists in general.

Those of us who have already read John’s essay agree that he has succeeded beyond our expectations, providing not only a valuable overview of research on one continent but also a model for future essays in the series. I invite section members who specialize in other regions to consider writing the next bibliographic overview for the May newsletter.

Our News from Members section of the newsletter continues to grow, and as it grows we will continue to refine our editorial criteria for inclusion. We have decided to publish news items only once, for example, and so we will hold announcements of new books until they actually are published or are due to be published in the next month or so. And in cases where members submit multiple news items, we plan to select the two or three most important activities or publications, but not to include every single item. We trust that these criteria will allow us to present a balanced view of our members’ activities at just the right time.

As Cynthia mentioned above, we have decided not to launch a Section Listserv. I invite members to use this newsletter as a way to communicate with other Section members, either by reporting news, inviting collaboration, or posing queries.

The New Research section below provides a listing of hundreds of recent books and articles in democracy research. We trust that this compilation will be useful to most readers and are always happy to receive suggestions of additional journals or conferences that should be included. At the same time, we realize that not everyone will need or want these listings, so feel free to cut and paste or delete, as you wish.

Once again, I thank Melissa Aten and Shane Keane, interns at the International Forum, for their valuable assistance in preparing this issue of the newsletter.

Tom Skladony

4. SECTION NEWS

Awards Committees for 2004 Annual Meeting: Our section currently has four committees accepting nominations for the awards that will be presented at the 2004 annual meeting in Chicago, including a new award for best field work.

Criteria for the best field work award include the originality and importance of the research (especially the research sources) and the difficulty of the research. Scholars who are currently writing their dissertations or who have completed their dissertations within the last twelve months are eligible. Candidates must submit three chapters of their dissertation and a letter of nomination describing their field work from the chair of their dissertation committee. One or two of the chapters should describe the field work and one or two key insights from the field work. The chapters may be sent electronically or in triplicate hard copy.

Nominations for the best field work award are due by June 1, 2004. Please submit entries to Nancy Bermeo (bermeo@princeton.edu), Michael Foley (foley@cua.edu), and Michael Hanchard (mgh223@northwestern.edu).

As previously announced, the best book and best article awards will recognize works that were published in calendar year 2003. To be eligible for the best paper award, the paper must have been presented at a panel organized by the Comparative Democratization section at the 2003 APSA annual meeting.

The best book award committee consists of Richard Vengroff, University of Connecticut (richard.vengroff@uconn.edu), chair; Sharon Wolchik, George Washington University (wolchik@gwu.edu); and Shaheen Mozaffar, Bridgewater State College (smozaffar@bridgew.edu).

The best article award committee consists of Valerie Bunce, Cornell University, (vjb2@cornell.edu), chair; Joseph Klesner, Kenyon College, (klesner@kenyon.edu); and Gretchen Casper, Pennsylvania State University (ggc3@psu.edu).

To submit a nomination for the best paper award, please write to Michael McFaul, Stanford University (mcfaul@hoover.stanford.edu), program chair for the 2003 annual meeting.

Papers from the 2003 Annual Meeting: Papers presented at the 2003 APSA annual meeting are available at http://archive.allacademic.com/publication/search.php.

The American Political Science Association recently opened its Centennial Center for Political Science and Public Affairs at APSA headquarters in Washington, D.C. The Center assists scholars from the United States and abroad whose research and teaching would benefit from a stay in Washington. It provides furnished work spaces (including computers, telephones, Internet access, conference rooms, and library access) for up to 10 long-term scholars. Shorter-term visits may also be arranged when space is available.    All APSA members, from senior faculty members to postdoctoral fellows and advanced graduate students, are eligible to apply. Requests will be reviewed on a rolling basis. For more information and an application, visit www.apsanet.org/centennialcenter. 

5. NEWS FROM MEMBERS

Michael A. Baum, associate professor of political science, University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, was appointed chair of that university’s political science department on January 1, 2004. With André Freire of the University of Lisbon, Mr. Baum published “Referenda Voting in Portugal, 1998: The Effects of Party Sympathies, Social Structure, and Pressure Groups” in the January 2003 edition of the European Journal of Political Research. Messrs. Baum and Freire also contributed a chapter entitled “Parties and Territory in Portuguese Politics” to Between Europeanization and Local Societies: The Space for Territorial Governance (Rowman and Littlefield, 2003), edited by Jeanie Bukowski, Simona Piattoni, and Marc Smyrl.

Nancy Bermeo, professor of politics, Princeton University, published Ordinary Citizens in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Breakdown of Democracy (Princeton University Press, 2003), a study of how ordinary citizens respond when democratic regimes collapse under the strain of political or economic crises. With Ugo M. Amoretti of the University of Genoa, Italy, Ms. Bermeo edited Federalism and Territorial Cleavages (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), a collection of essays on the successes and failures of integrating distinct cultural groups into federal systems. Contributors to the volume drew on examples from advanced industrial democracies, developing countries, and postcommunist regimes.

Archie Brown, professor of politics, Oxford University, and fellow, St. Anthony’s College, with Jack Hayward and Brian Barry, published a paperback edition of their edited anthology, The British Study of Politics in the Twentieth Century (Oxford University Press, 2003).

Zsuzsa Csergo, assistant professor of political science, George Washington University; and Kevin Deegan Krause of Wayne State University presented a paper entitled “What Happens to Liberalism on the Road to a United Europe? Hungary in a Comparative Perspective” at the 2003 annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies in Toronto in November. Ms. Csergo and Mr. Krause also presented a paper entitled “Why Liberalism Failed: Majorities and Minorities in European Enlargement” at the 2003 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association in Philadelphia. Ms. Csergo and James M. Goldgeier of George Washington University contributed an essay entitled “Nationalist Strategies and European Integration” to the forthcoming March 2004 issue of Perspectives on Politics.

John P. Entelis, professor of political science and director of the Middle East Program at Fordham University, invites Section members to submit their research for publication consideration to the Journal of North African Studies, a peer-reviewed quarterly edited by Mr. Entelis and published by Frank Cass in London. North Africa is defined as all of the states of northern Africa: Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. For more information or to submit a proposal, please write to entelis@fordham.edu.

James L. Gibson, Sidney W. Souers Professor of Government, Washington University (Saint Louis), recently returned from several months in South Africa, where he implemented a new national survey on the injustice of historical land dispossessions. He recently completed Overcoming Apartheid: Can Truth Reconcile a Divided Nation? (Russell Sage Foundation, forthcoming March 2004), a study of how the growth of a common understanding of apartheid is helping to foster reconciliation in that country. Mr. Gibson received the McGraw Hill Award of the Law and Politics section at the 2003 APSA annual meeting in Philadelphia for his article, “Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation: Judging the Fairness of Amnesty in South Africa,” published in the July 2002 American Journal of Political Science. The award recognized the best journal article on law and the courts written by a political scientist in the previous calendar year. His article, “The Legacy of Apartheid: Racial Differences in the Legitimacy of Democratic Institutions and Processes in the New South Africa,” appeared in the September 2003 Comparative Political Studies.

John Harbeson, professor of political science, City University of New York, was recently elected to the American Political Science Association’s Council. He was also appointed a member of the newly launched APSA Task Force on Difference and Inequality in the Developing World.

Jonathan Hartlyn, professor of political science and director of the Institute of Latin American Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with colleagues Manuel Antonio Garretón, Marcelo Cavarozzi, Peter Cleaves, and Gary Gereffi, wrote Latin America in the Twenty-First Century: Toward a New Socio-Political Matrix (North-South Center Press, 2003). The book examines the cultural, social, economic, and political challenges facing Latin America at the dawn of a new century.

Marc Morjé Howard has moved from the University of Maryland to Georgetown University, where he is both an assistant professor of government and a faculty associate at Georgetown’s new Center for Democracy and the Third Sector (CDATS). Mr. Howard’s study, The Weakness of Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe, was published by Cambridge University Press in 2003.

Ray Kennedy recently completed almost three years of service as an election observer and officer for various United Nations missions in Mexico, East Timor, and other countries. In October 2003 he began a new assignment in Kabul as one of five international members of the Joint Election Management Body established by President Karzai to oversee the voter registration process in Afghanistan.

Charles D. Kenney, assistant professor of comparative politics, University of Oklahoma, published Fujimori’s Coup and the Breakdown of Democracy in Latin America (University of Notre Dame Press, 2004), a case study of the 1992 presidential coup that also presents strategies for preventing future democratic breakdowns in other countries. Mr. Kenney also published “The Death and Rebirth of a Party System, Peru 1978–2001” in the December 2003 issue of Comparative Political Studies.

Marsha Pripstein Posusney, professor of political science, Bryant College, contributed the lead article, entitled “Enduring Authoritarianism: Lessons from the Middle East for Comparative Theory,” to the January 2004 Comparative Politics, which contained five other articles on obstacles to democratization in the Middle East. 

Vincent K. Pollard, lecturer in political science, University of Hawaii, completed Globalization, Democratization, and Asian Leadership: Power Sharing, Foreign Policy, and Society in the Philippines and Japan (Ashgate, forthcoming March 2004). The book uses the cases of Japan and the Philippines to examine how, in a time of increased globalization and democratization, the policies of presidents, prime ministers, and foreign ministers are influenced by domestic and international nongovernmental actors.

Jillian Schwedler, assistant professor of government and politics, University of Maryland, recently returned from a year-long research trip to Jordan, where she conducted research on protest and policing as a 2003 Fulbright New Century Scholar. With Deborah J. Gerner of the University of Kansas, Ms. Schwedler recently completed the second edition of Understanding the Contemporary Middle East (Lynne Rienner, 2004), an edited collection of essays on crucial issues facing the region today.

Judith Torney-Purta, professor of human development, University of Maryland; and Rainer Lehmann, Humboldt University, Berlin, have released a CD-ROM containing a database they developed from an IEA Civic Education Study of more than 140,000 secondary-school students in 29 countries, including many new democracies in Central and Eastern Europe. The research measured students’ civic knowledge plus concepts of democracy and citizenship, present and expected future civic participation, and attitudes toward immigrants. A CD-ROM containing the data and a code book is available upon request to rainer.lehmann@educat.hu-berlin.de. Reports and articles from the project are available at www.wam.umd.edu/~iea/.

Andreas Umland, research associate at the Davis Center for Russian Studies, Harvard University, has just begun a one-year lectureship in Russian and East European studies at the University of Oxford, where he will also be a research fellow at St. Anthony’s College.

Richard Vengroff, professor of comparative politics, University of Connecticut, with Connecticut colleagues Lucy Creevey and Abdou Ndoye, received a grant from the United States Institute of Peace for a study of Islam and democratic transition in Senegal. With Zsolt Nyiri of the same university, Mr. Vengroff is completing research on the policy gender gap among local elected officials in five Eastern and Central European countries, a project supported by the Tocqueville Institute.

The Parliamentary Development Project, directed by Charles Wise (professor of public law and public administration, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University), has been awarded a five-year, $4.9 million contract by the United States Agency for International Development. The new funding will enable the Project to help strengthen democratic government in Ukraine by developing a more effective and representative national legislature. Mr. Wise and his colleagues have already been working with the parliament in Ukraine for nine years.

6. REVIEW ESSAY: “AFRICAN DEMOCRATIZATION”

by John W. Harbeson, City University of New York

I am delighted by this opportunity to offer the Newsletter’s first bibliographic review essay, and I very much hope this effort is the first of many to come.

In trying to keep abreast of the evolving literature on African politics, I look especially for those books and articles that do three things: (1) offer fresh and promising strategic insights on how to advance political liberalization, stability, and support for real socioeconomic progress; (2) contribute to the advancement of theory based on (3) research that illuminates the most fundamental issues of political life that Africans encounter every day in ways that those of us in more “mature” democracies do not. 

In this brief bibliographic essay, I highlight some of those recent books that I think have done the most to advance those objectives. A central, frequently noted issue has been the ebbing of democracy’s Third Wave in such forms as hybrid democratic-authoritarian regimes, states gravely weakened by ethnic conflict and corruption, and democratic initiatives threatened by persistent economic malaise and inequality. The most important books, in my estimation, are those that elucidate fundamental issues concerning the nature of the state, civil society, and democracy underlying these problems, thereby challenging received “universal” models still influenced disproportionately by Western experience. 

I list below what I regard as some of the most important works on African politics of recent years with a capsule comment on each.  Let me begin by highlighting three books that stand out based on the foregoing criteria.

William Reno’s Warlord Politics and African States (Lynne Rienner, 1998) uniquely explores the depth of Africa’s state crisis. He explores how local actors in Congo-B, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Nigeria, along with their external enablers, have not only undermined government structures but have carved up for themselves the public sphere itself, as Habermas has defined it. These actors have produced something approaching a Hobbesian state of nature, posing starkly the question of on what terms, if any, African peoples within any given territorial area can agree to be governed under one political roof. To what extent has this issue, visible to all in these four states, been lurking just beneath the surface elsewhere? By tacitly reducing the state to governmental structures and democracy to electoral politics (as so often happens), to what extent have we overlooked a deeper question fundamental both to state strengthening and democratic consolidation and deepening?

Jeffrey Herbst’s award winning States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control (Princeton University Press, 2000) takes spatial dimension of stateness, fundamental to the reigning Weber definition, and explores the very different relationship between space and power that has historically obtained in African contexts.  Herbst finds that while internationally recognized boundaries have served to protect polities from their neighbors in Europe, in Africa they have crystallized a profound challenge to the ability of African rulers to extend their writ within the territories nominally within their control.  In essence, he finds that the state, as we have generally understood it, has not been a given; it remains a sometimes elusive objective in Africa.  Whether, to what extent, and for whom that model remains realistic and desirable in Africa is a fundamental issue that remains on the table. How democratic processes can address that issue is a problem rarely broached in the contemporary literature.

Claude Ake, who prematurely left us some years ago, was probably one of the most admired and respected African academics. His Democracy and Development in Africa (Brookings Press, 1996) strikes a chord that deeply patriotic academics in other troubled states throughout history have also sounded. Ake traces postindependence authoritarian rule in Africa to alien governance structures left behind by colonial rules. He counsels that neither democracy nor economic development, nor implicitly reformation of the state, can occur unless Africans reconsider the utility and value of their traditional practices and structures. He believes their worth is attested even in the present by local practice.  By “reconsider” Ake does not imply “replicate.” What he means is that viable, effective, political institutions and sustainable development depend upon Africans reconciling external influences with values that enjoy genuine local pedigree and legitimacy.

Other titles on my recommended list include:

Mark Beissinger and Crawford Young, Beyond State Crisis?Postcolonial Africa and Post-Soviet Eurasia in Comparative Perspective (Woodrow Wilson Center, 2002): one of the few recent works to place the crisis of the contemporary African state in broadly comparative perspective.

Michael Bratton and Nicolas van de Walle, Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective (Cambridge University Press, 1997): an authoritative account of the early phase of democracy’s Third Wave in Africa.

Toyin Falola, ed., African Politics in Postimperial Times: The Essays of Richard L. Sklar (Africa World Press, 2002): the essays of one of America’s most thoughtful philosophers and scholars on postindependence African politics.

Goran Hyden, W.O Okoth-Ogendo, and Bamidele Olowu, African Perspectives on Governance (Africa World Press, 2000): unique in its focus on African viewpoints on governance issues.

Richard Joseph, ed., State, Conflict, and Democracy in Africa (Lynne Rienner, 1999): the best recent collection of essays addressing the three central problems of African politics identified by its title, and a good introduction for comparativists new to Africa.

Mahmood Mamdani, Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism (Princeton University Press, 1996): a provocative account of the persistence of colonial governance structures in postindependence African states.

Georges Nzongola-Ntalalaja, The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People’s History (Zed Books, 2002): the struggles of a workers’ and peasants’ social movement for influence within a near collapsed, supremely corrupt and authoritarian state; this book will be awarded the African Politics Conference Group’s Best Book award at the 2004 ASA meetings.

Richard Sandbrook, Closing the Circle: Democratization and Development in Africa (Zed Books, 2000): an insightful, recent commentary on African political economy by one of one of its most respected students.

Stephen John Stedman, Donald Rothchild, and Elizabeth Cousens, eds., Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements (Lynne Rienner, 2002): an important exploration of the linkages between processes of conflict mediation and postconflict democratization and state reformation.

Nicolas van de Walle, African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis, 1979–1999 (Cambridge University Press, 2001): a sober, comprehensive focus on African contemporary political economy.

7. RECENT CONFERENCES

The 2003 annual meeting of the African Studies Association was held on October 30–November 2 in Boston. The theme of the meeting was “Youthful Africa in the Twenty-first Century.” Panel sessions examined, among many other topics, the role of young people in resisting authoritarian governments and in promoting democratic change. For more information, visit www.africanstudies.org/asa_annualmeetingmain.htm.

The 2003 annual meeting of the Middle East Studies Association was held from November 6–9 in Anchorage, Alaska. Among the topics covered in this year’s meeting were nationalism, the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, and regional economic issues. For more information, visit http://w3fp.arizona.edu/mesassoc/MESA03/mesa03.htm

The 35^th national convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies was held in Toronto, Ontario from November 20–23, 2003. For more information, visit www.fas.harvard.edu/~aaass/.

The 2004 annual meeting of the Southern Political Science Association was held January 8–10 in New Orleans. For more information, visit www2.gasou.edu/spsa/conference.htm.

8. FUTURE CONFERENCES

On March 4–7, the Association for Asian Studies will hold its annual meeting in San Diego, California. There will be two panels of interest to comparative democratization scholars: transitions in South Korea and Indonesia and the "Asian values" debate. Details about the conference, including papers for over 200 panels, are available at www.aasianst.org/annmtg.htm.    

The 2004 annual meeting of the Western Political Science Association will be held on March 11–13 in Portland, Oregon. The theme of this year’s meeting is “Borrowing from Ourselves: Intradisciplinary Discussions in Political Science.” Additional information about the conference is available at www.csus.edu/ORG/WPSA/mtgs.stm.

The Midwest Political Science Association will hold its 2004 annual meeting on April 15–18 in Chicago, Illinois. Topics included in this year’s conference include the comparative politics of industrial and developing countries, transitions to democracy, European politics, politics of communist and former communist countries, and international relations. More information, including a preliminary program, can be found at www.indiana.edu/~mpsa/.

The 2004 Plenary Conference of epsNet will be held on June 18–19 at Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. This year’s topic will be “Political Science after the EU Enlargement: Challenges to the Discipline” and will feature panel sessions on “Constructing, Consolidating, Constitutionalising the EU,” “Innovation in Teaching Political Science in and about Europe,” and “Political Science and the Bologna Process.” The conference will also hold two roundtable discussions: “Bologna, Berlin, Implications for Political Science” and “New Agendas for an Enlarged Europe.” For more information, visit www.epsnet.org/Events/2004prog.htm.

9. NEW RESEARCH

Democratization (www.frankcass.com/jnls/index.htm)

The Winter 2003 issue of Democratization is a special theme issue on “Democratization and the Judiciary.” It features articles on the rule of law, the court system, and judicial review, plus studies of judicial issues in Africa, Guatemala, Brazil, and Argentina. 

“The Accountability Function of Courts in New Democracies” by Siri Gloppen, Roberto Gargarella, and Elin Skaar

“Judicial Review in Developed Democracies” by Martin Shapiro

“How Some Reflections on the United States’ Experience May Inform African Efforts to Build Court Systems and the Rule of Law” by Jennifer Widner

“The Constitutional Court and Control of Presidential Extraordinary Powers in Colombia” by Rodrigo Uprimny

“The Politics of Judicial Review in Chile in the Era of Domestic Transition, 1990–2002” by Javier A. Couso

“Legitimating Transformation: Political Resource Allocation in the South African Constitutional Court” by Theunis Roux

“The Accountability Function of the Courts in Tanzania and Zambia” by Siri Gloppen

“Renegotiating ‘Law and Order’: Judicial Reform and Citizen Responses in Postwar Guatemala” by Rachel Sieder

“Economic Reform and Judicial Governance in Brazil: Balancing Independence with Accountability” by Carlos Santiso

“In Search of a Democratic Justice—What Courts Should Not Do: Argentina, 1983–2002” by Roberto Gargarella

“Lessons Learned and the Way Forward” by Irwin P. Stotzky

Journal of Democracy (www.journalofdemocracy.org)

The January 2004 issue of the Journal of Democracy features a set of five articles on the European Union’s eastward expansion, a review of the political advances and setbacks in post-Saddam Iraq, two articles on Indonesia’s approaching elections, plus a preview of the 2003 Freedom House Survey.

Europe Moves Eastward

I. “Challenges of EU Enlargement” by Jan Zielonka

As it prepares to go from 15 to 25 member states, the EU has improved prospects for democracy in the East, but enlargement will only deepen the problem of the “democratic deficit” within the EU itself.

II. “Consolidating Free Government in the New EU” by Jiri Pehe

On the whole, the EU accession process has worked strongly in favor of democratic governance in the new member states, but the communist legacy will not be easily overcome.

III. “Beyond the New Borders” by Alina Mungiu-Pippidi

By expanding eastward, the EU has not so much settled the questions surrounding the borders of Europe as it has displaced them, generating new difficulties for the countries that remain outside.

IV. “NATO’s Peaceful Advance” by Zoltan Barany

NATO expansion has made an essential contribution to Eastern Europe’s democratic transformation, but perhaps at the cost of weakening NATO’s effectiveness as a military alliance.

V. “Concluding Reflections” by Jacques Rupnik

The fall of the Berlin Wall gave East Europeans a euphoric sense that they were about to give European democracy a new direction.  But as many of their countries prepare to join the EU, little has worked out as expected in those heady days.

The 2003 Freedom House Survey

“National Income and Liberty” by Adrian Karatnycky

Despite the threats posed by terrorism, 2003 saw a second consecutive year of significant momentum for freedom, and showed encouraging evidence that political rights and civil liberties can endure despite economic privation.

Indonesia’s Approaching Elections

I. “A Year of Voting Dangerously” by Donald K. Emmerson

For this huge, sprawling nation in the throes of an ambiguous democratic transition, 2004 will be a year replete with unprecedented electoral tests.  In the end, leadership and results will probably count for more than rules and institutions, however carefully designed.

II. “Politics, Islam, and Public Opinion” by Saiful Mujani and R. William Liddle

In the world’s most populous Muslim-majority country, a dense and pervasive network of moderate Muslim civil society organizations significantly reinforces political moderation and limits the appeal of radical Islamism.

“Advanced Democracies and the New Politics” by Russell J. Dalton, Susan E. Scarrow, and Bruce E. Cain

The advanced democracies are shifting from a reliance on representation toward a mixed repertoire that includes a greater role for “direct” and “advocacy” democracy, creating new problems that will require new solutions.

“Fox’s Mexico at Midterm” by Chappell Lawson

Mexico’s 2003 congressional elections confirmed both the country’s transition to fully competitive politics and the persistence of structural deficiencies associated with its multiparty presidential system.

Research Report

“Does Diversity Hurt Democracy?” by M. Steven Fish and Robin S. Brooks

It has been claimed in the pages of this journal that a homogeneous society is an advantage when it comes to democratization.  How might this suggestion be empirically tested, and with what (perhaps preliminary) results?

SELECTED JOURNAL ARTICLES ON DEMOCRACY

This section of the newsletter features selected articles that appeared in journals received by the NED’s Democracy Resource Center.

African Affairs: The Journal of the Royal African Society, Vol. 102, no. 409, October 2003

“Democratizing Security or Decentralizing Repression? The Ambiguities of Community Policing in Kenya” by Mutuma Ruteere and Marie-Emmanuelle Pommerolle

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, Vol. 20, no. 1, Winter 2003

“Islam and Democracy: Text, Tradition, and History” by Ahrar Ahmad

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, Vol. 20, no. 2, Spring 2003

“Islam and Civil Society: From the Paradigm of Compatibility to Critical Engagement” by Ibrahim Kalin

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, Vol. 20, no. 3, Summer/Fall 2003

“Popular Sovereignty, Islam, and Democracy” by Glenn E. Perry

American Political Science Review, Vol. 97, no. 4, November 2003

“The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory” by Sebastian Rosato

Asian Ethnicity, Vol. 4, no. 3, October 2003

“Overcoming Stereotypes? Chinese Indonesian Civil Society Groups in Post-Suharto Indonesia” by Susan Giblin

Asian Survey, Vol. XLIII, no. 5, September/October 2003

“East Timor’s Founding Elections and Emerging Party System” by Dwight Y. King

Central Asian Survey, Vol. 22, no. 1, March 2003

“Muslim Revivalism and the Emergence of Civic Society: A Case Study of an Israeli-Circassian Community” by Chen Bram

“Foreign Policy and Domestic Reform in Mongolia” by Tsedendamba Batbayar

China, Vol. 1, no. 2, September 2003

“The Quest for Good Governance: Hong Kong’s Principal Officials Accountability System” by Cheung Chor-yung

“Taiwan: Consolidating its Democracy?” by John F. Copper

China Quarterly, no. 175, September 2003

“The ‘Falun Gong Problem:’ Politics and the Struggle for the Rule of Law in China” by Ronald C. Keith and Zhiqiu Lin

Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Vol. 36, no. 4, December 2003

“Domestic Political Institutions in Ukraine and Russia and Their Responses to EU Enlargement” by Oleh Protsyk

“Managing Civil Society: Democratization and the Environmental Movement in a Russian Region” by Jo Crotty

Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Vol. 19, no. 4, December 2003

“Lustration as the Securitization of Democracy in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic” by Kieran Williams

“Voting Behaviour in Russian Cities, 1995-2000” by Vladimir Kolossov, Dmitri Vizgalov, and Nadezhda Borodulina

“‘We’ll Finish What We’ve Started:’ The 2002 Slovak Parliamentary Elections” by Tim Haughton

Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 36, no. 9, November 2003

“Transparency Versus Collective Action: Fujimori’s Legacy and the Peruvian Congress” by John M. Carey

“Level of Development and Democracy: Latin American Exceptionalism, 1948–1996” by Scott Mainwaring and Aníbal Pérez-Liñán

Democracy without Associations: Transformation of the Party System and Social Cleavages in India by Pradeep K. Chhibber. Reviewed by Lloyd I. Rudolph

Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 36, no. 10, December 2003

“Political Competition and the Politicization of the State in East Central Europe” by Anna Grzymala-Busse

“The Death and Rebirth of a Party System, Peru 1978–2001” by Charles D. Kenney

Confessions of an Interest Group: The Catholic Church and Political Parties in Europe by Carolyn M. Warner. Reviewed by Anthony Gill

Comparative Politics, Vol. 36, no. 1, October 2003

“Demand-Based Development and Local Electoral Environments in Mexico” by Jonathan T. Hiskey

“Political Culture and Democracy: Analyzing Cross-Level Linkages” by Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel

Current History, Vol. 102, no. 666, October 2003

“Out of Communism: Reforming the Russian Legal System” by Mark Kramer

Current History, Vol. 102, no. 668, December 2003

“Democracy: Terrorism’s Uncertain Antidote” by Thomas Carothers

Demokratizatsiya, Vol. 11, no. 3, Summer 2003

“The New Russian Code of Criminal Procedure: The Next Step on the Path of Russia’s Democratization” by Victor V. Filippov

East European Constitutional Review, Vol. 12, no. 2/3, Spring/Summer 2003

“The Balkans: Between Old and New Europe” by Alina Mungiu-Pippidi

Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 55, no. 7, November 2003

“Voting, Regional Legislatures, and Electoral Reform in Russia” by Joel C. Moses

“Troubled Semi-Presidentialism: Stability of the Constitutional System and Cabinet in Ukraine” by Oleh Protsyk

Political Parties in Post-Communist Eastern Europe by Paul G. Lewis. Reviewed by Jacek Wasilewski

Uncivil Society? Contentious Politics in Post-Communist Europe edited by Petr Kopecky and Cas Muddle. Reviewed by Aleks Szczerbiak

Government and Opposition, Vol. 38, no. 4, Autumn 2003

“Rethinking Postcommunist Transition” by Stephen White

“Governing Elites, External Events, and Pro-Democratic Opposition in Hong Kong” by Ming Sing

Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 25, no. 4, November 2003

“Human Rights without Democracy? A Critique of the Separationist Thesis” by Anthony J. Langlois

Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 12, no. 37, November 2003

“An Institutional Approach to Election Campaigning in Taiwan” by Gary D. Rawnsley

Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 3, no. 3, September/December 2003

“The Birth of a Welfare State in Korea: The Unfinished Symphony of Democratization and Globalization” by Ho Keun Song

“Institutionalized Uncertainty and Governance Crisis in Posthegemonic Taiwan” by Jih-wen Lin

Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 41, no. 3, September 2003

“Explaining the Unexpected: Electoral Reform and Democratic Governance in Burkina Faso” by Carlos Santiso

“The 2002 Legislative Election in Cameroon: A Retrospective on Cameroon’s Stalled Democracy Movement” by Joseph Takougang

Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 40, no. 6, November 2003

“The Economic Peace Between Democracies: Economic Sanctions and Domestic Institutions” by David Lektzian and Mark Souva

Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. XXVI, no. 2, Winter 2003

“Post-War Political Settlement in Iraq” by John C. Hulsman and James Phillips

“President George Bush’s Middle East Edict: A Textual Analysis” by P.R. Kumaranswamy

Latin American Politics and Society, Vol. 45, no. 4, Winter 2003

“Can Politicians Control Bureaucrats? Applying Theories of Political Control to Argentina’s Democracy” by Kent Eaton

Militarization, Democracy, and Development: the Perils of Praetorianism in Latin America by Kirk S. Bowman. Reviewed by Lawrence Michael Ladutke

The Politics of Market Reform in Fragile Democracies: Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Venezuela by Kurt Weyland. Reviewed by Eduardo J. Gómez

Middle East Journal, Vol. 57, no. 4, Autumn 2003

“Political Parties in Postwar Lebanon: Parties in Search of Partisans” by Farid el Khazen

Pacific Affairs, Vol. 76, no. 2, Summer 2003

“Innovation in China’s Local Governance: Open Recommendation and Selection” by Tony Saich and Xuedong Yang

“Deepening Democracy in Taiwan” by Joseph Wong

Party Politics, Vol. 9, no. 6, November 2003

“Uncontested Seats and the Evolution of Party Competition: the Australian Case” by Campbell Sharman

“Centre Politics in Russia and Ukraine: Patronage, Power and Virtuality” by Oleh Protsyk and Andrew Wilson

Perspectives on Politics, Vol. 1, no. 4, December 2003

Civil Society and Democratic Theory: Alternative Voices by Gideon Baker. Reviewed by Andrew T. Green

Active Social Capital: Tracing the Roots of Development and Democracy by Anirudh Krishna. Reviewed by Subrata K. Mitra

Militarization, Democracy, and Development: the Perils of Praetorianism in Latin America by Kirk S. Bowman. Reviewed by Anthony W. Pereira

Beyond Post-Communist Studies: Political Science and the New Democracies of Europe by Terry D. Clark. Reviewed by Erik S. Herron

Post-Communist Democratization: Political Discourses Across Thirteen Countries by John S. Dryzek and Leslie T. Holmes. Reviewed by James Alexander

Democratic Phoenix: Reinventing Political Activism by Pippa Norris. Reviewed by David S. Meyer

Inklings of Democracy in China by Suzanne Ogden. Reviewed by Ralph A. Thaxton, Jr.

Linking Civil Society and the State: Urban Popular Movements, the Left, and Local Government in Peru, 1980–1992 by Gerd Schönwälder. Reviewed by Moisés Arce

The Politics of Market Reform in Fragile Democracies: Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela by Kurt Weyland. Reviewed by Luigi Manzetti

Political Theory, Vol. 31, no. 6, December 2003

Special Section: Explorations of Deliberative Democracy:

“Deliberative Toleration” by James Bohman

“A Deliberative Approach to Conflicts of Culture” by Monique Deveaux

“What Globalization Overshadows” by Sofia Näsström

Policy Review, No. 122, December 2003/January 2004

“Sovereignty and Democracy” by Marc F. Plattner

“European Union, Properly Construed” by Reginald Dale

Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 30, no. 96, June 2003

“Democracy in Southern Africa: Moving Beyond a Difficult Legacy” by Roger Southall

World Affairs, Vol. 166, no. 3, Winter 2004

“Democratic Prospects in Central Asia” by Stephen Blank

“Democratic Revolutions: Why Some Succeed, Why Others Fail” by Mark N. Katz

World Politics, Vol. 55, no. 4, July 2003

“Endogenous Democratization” by Carles Boix and Susan C. Stokes

SELECTED NEW BOOKS RECENTLY RECEIVED BY THE JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY

ADVANCED DEMOCRACIES

Agenda for the Nation. Edited by Henry J. Aaron, James M. Lindsay, and Pietro S. Nivola. Brookings Institution, 2003. 574 pp.

An Alliance at Risk: The