Armenia

Armenian National Committee of the Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly (HCA)
$32,874
To operate a think tank in Yerevan, consolidate civil society around democratic ideals, and encourage those values in the rural regions. The program will consist of 18 roundtable discussions in Yerevan, a 3-day class, and 18 seminars in small cities of Armenia. The organization will also publish a book and maintain a website.

Helsinki Association
$44,020
To establish a network of civil society organizations that will monitor and report on torture in places of detention. The Association will produce an Alternative Report on Torture and Inhumane and Degrading Treatment to be presented to the UN Committee against Torture. The Association will create a network of monitors and publicize its findings within Armenia to build public support for oversight of law enforcement and the penal system.

Meltex Ltd.
$49,605
To report about the 2007 parliamentary elections through a blog and special reports on the organization’s website, http://home.a1plus.am/eng/. Meltex will also produce 20 public service announcements (PSAs) about the elections. The PSAs will be carried by the Hamaspyur network of 11 independent local and regional television broadcasters, which covers 87 percent of the territory of Armenia.

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Azerbaijan

Alliance of Women for Civil Society
$56,017
To conduct mock trials and mock public hearings. The Alliance will organize seven public hearings and two mock trials that will explore current political controversies through structured debate. The Alliance will produce a television and a radio debate based on these events and will publish a book containing transcripts. The Alliance will work with a Georgian counterpart to organize two public hearings in Tbilisi.

Azerbaijan Foundation for the Development of Democracy (AFDD)
$46,140
To provide training and networking opportunities for regional NGOs. AFDD will select NGOs representatives from 15 regions of Azerbaijan for participation in a training seminar in registration of NGOs, the formation of NGO coalitions, and their role in the electoral process. The participants will then organize roundtable discussions in their regions. AFDD will publish a handbook about regulations governing NGOs.

Azerbaijan Lawyers Association
$27,403
To defend the political rights of the citizens of Azerbaijan. The Association will focus on the rights to assembly, association, speech, and information. The Association will provide legal assistance to politically active citizens, produce two monitoring reports and a book on freedom of assembly and other basic rights, and conduct six training seminars in the regions on the electoral law.

Dalga Youth Movement
$18,835
To conduct trainings that expose young activists to the values and ideals of activism, democracy, and universal standards of human rights. The organization will conduct three seminars about democracy for young people in Baku, two seminars for youth leaders, a debate competition, and a survey of youth attitudes. Dalga will maintain a web site on the program (www.democracyschool.org).

Election Monitoring Center (EMC)
$45,021
To promote public participation in Azerbaijan’s 2008 presidential election. EMC will organize citizen’s forums in electoral districts to stimulate a discussion about current events. It will conduct a survey to identify important electoral issues. On the basis of the forums and survey, EMC will publish a report about the priorities and concerns of Azerbaijani citizens.

FAR Center for Economic and Political Research of Azerbaijan
$55,087
To develop the political and civic consciousness of youth and help them to formulate a policy agenda. The FAR Center will create a youth resource center to facilitate the development of youth groups in Azerbaijan. It will hold civic education seminars for groups of young activists and conduct a national opinion poll about political attitudes among youth.

Human Rights Center of Azerbaijan
$70,000
To promote human rights in Azerbaijan. The Center will defend the rights of ethnic minorities, refugees, homeless people, and prisoners. It will provide legal advice to these groups and select cases for litigation in Azerbaijan and in international courts. The Center will publish monthly reports about human rights violations, conduct trainings in human rights standards, and administer a sub-grant for the Chechen Educational Center.

Institute for Reporter Freedom and Safety
$35,294
To conduct monitoring and advocac y on issues of press freedom in Azerbaijan. The Institute will publish a weekl y monitoring report, circulate alerts and appeals as needed, provide legal assistance to reporters, and hold biweekl y meetings and seminars. It will conduct independent investigations into unsolved attacks against journalists and will post the materials of these investigations on its web page.

Institute of Peace and Democracy (IPD)
$22,840
To support IPD’s think tank, which will examine five topics: deficiencies in the judicial branch, obstacles to freedom of speech, the role of labor unions, social services and infrastructure, and the role of the police. IPD staff will research each topic and determine advocacy efforts. IPD expert group will prepare newspaper articles and television spots and will hold a conference on each topic.

Internews Azerbaijan
$65,980
To maintain and expand its Azerbaijan Media Forum website. The site is an important independent source of news and analysis for media professionals and the public. The Media Forum will monitor abuses against the media and provide analytical articles, news reporting, and text of relevant legislation. The site will also host bimonthly forums with parliamentarians, prominent journalists, political party representatives, and civil society leaders.

Janub Khabarlari
$37,817
To publish and distribute the independent newspaper Janub Khabarlari throughout the southern region of Azerbaijan. The newspaper expects to pay particular attention to the presidential election and the organization of the campaigns and voting in the southern region in 2008.

“Legal Help” Public Association
$24,471
To provide legal consultations and representation in Lenkoran. The organization will conduct eight seminars on the role of NGOs in defending the rights of citizens, offer legal expertise to combat police brutality, report human rights abuses, defend the labor rights of citizens, and help register NGOs. Legal Help will publish a book on registering NGOs and the methodology of human rights work.

Legal Education Society
$52,960
To monitor the courts in Azerbaijan. The Society will monitor trials in Baku and organize a coalition of NGOs to monitor courtroom proceedings throughout the country. The Society will train lawyers and activists and publish three reports and ten issues of an e-bulletin. It will conduct three roundtable discussions and a conference and lodge complaints against judges if monitors uncover serious violations.

Law and Development Public Association
$28,508
To create citizens’ oversight over parliamentarians in Aghjabedi, Ganja, Sabirabad, Imishli, and Sal yan . The Association will inform activists about the responsibilities of parliamentarians and methods of interacting with their offices. It will organize forums in each region for members of parliament to meet local citizens and visits by local activists to the parliament in Baku.

Media Rights Institute
$34,340
To conduct trainings on the provisions of the Freedom of Information Law for activists throughout Azerbaijan. The activists will form a network to support common efforts to obtain access to information. Since presidential elections are scheduled for 2008, the trainings will focus on obtaining information from election commissions. The Institute will publish a manual and maintain a website.

National Democratic Institute for international Affairs
$300,000
To support seven existing Information Centers in Azerbaijan located in Ali-Bayramli, Ganja, Jalilabad, Khachmaz, Sheki, Tovuz, and Yevlakh. Each Information Center contains space for citizens to meet, read newspapers, and use the library. In addition, each Center is equipped with a computer, access to the Internet, printer; copy machine, fax, and scanner. They are staffed by community activists, whom NDI trains to build their skills as leaders and facilitators.

Social Union of Sumgait Youth
$47,384
To operate its NGO Resource Center in Sumgait, publish the Yukselish Namine newspaper, maintain a website, and produce six segments of a television program for a private television station, Space TV that broadcasts nationally. The independent newspaper will review current events and the social and political situation in the country, focusing on threats to freedom of the press and other concerns of civil society.

Society of Women of Azerbaijan for Peace & Democracy of Transcaucasus
$63,280
To assist human rights defenders from Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan. The Society will organize seminars for human rights defenders in Baku, which will focus on information security. The Society will work with a national network of human rights defenders from the regions of Azerbaijan and organize seminars for them in Baku.

Turan News Agency
$49,900
To launch a web-based independent daily newspaper. Turan will make a portion of the materials produced by the news service available on the internet for free at the Agency’s website (www.turaninfo.com). The articles will appear in three languages—English, Russian, and Azerbaijani—and will be continuously updated throughout the day.

“Uluchay” Charity Society
$23,952
To create a resource center with a library, computers, access to the internet, and a conference room for young people in Sheki. The Society will organize trainings, roundtable discussions, and seminars for 50 local youth activists, who will be invited to participate in a series of 25 events. The students will publish an independent newsletter and participate in roundtable discussions and training seminars.

Vatan-Azerbaijan Development Society
$25,000
To conduct a campaign on behalf of political prisoners in Azerbaijan. Vatan will work with local partners to identify six political prisoners and conduct research and advocacy on their behalf. The materials concerning these cases as well as other information about human rights in Azerbaijan will be publicized by means of a blog, a web site, and monthly reports.

Young Leaders Education-Training and Development Union
$41,692
To educate Azerbaijan’s youth and impart the values of activism, teamwork, and civic responsibility. The Union will organize a school which will include two five-month intensive courses and two final seminars. In addition to publishing a monthly school newsletter and a monthly NGO bulletin, the Union will oversee a Media Center which will maintain a website and host events for journalists.

Yeni Nesil MMC
$42,834
To publish the independent newspaper, Gyun. NED funding will enable Yeni Nesil to publish the 16-page newspaper daily. During the grant period, Gyun will carry out a wide-scale advertising campaign in order to publicize the newspaper and increase its subscription base.

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Belarus

NGO Development
$452,787
To strengthen Belarus’ third sector and civil society, especially in the regions, through support for NGO resource centers, small grants, training, equipment, independent publications, legal aid, civic activities, and operating expenses.

Independent Media
$732,007
To strengthen prodemocratic sources of objective information including independent newspapers and “alternative media,” such as unregistered (samizdat) publications, Internet websites and documentary films that are breaking the information blockade imposed by the dictatorial regime in Belarus.

Human Rights Protection
$262,776
To support networks of activists who monitor and publicize human and civil right violations, educate citizens about the country’s human rights situation, and defend those who have been repressed by the regime, especially in the run-up to the local elections in January 2007.

Crossborder
$395,619
To support the activities of Central European groups which are sharing their experience, skills and program models with counterparts in Belarus via study visits, internships, and other training and networking programs.

Election Processes
$403,026
To educate citizens, mobilize voters, support prodemocratic coalitions, and monitor polling stations through nonpartisan election-related programs prior to Belarus’ 2008 parliamentary elections.

Civil Society Development
$103,471
To support a variety of programs being conducted by independent organizations, including civic education, local government reform, and business association development.

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American Center for International Labor Solidarity
$200,000
To strengthen labor unions in Georgia. The Solidarity Center will conduct a series of trainings throughout the country for union recruiters who will then work to expand union membership. The recruiters will lay the ground work for the expansion of unions into new sectors. The Solidarity Center will draw on the experience of Ukrainian trade unions to train the new union volunteers.

Article 42 of the Constitution
$52,660
To bring about judicial review of new legislation that violates constitutional norms and to make the public aware of this procedure as an effective means of defending citizens’ rights. The organization will identify new laws that violate the constitution, find cases concerning them that can be litigated, and bring those cases to the Constitutional Court. The organization will also conduct a public awareness campaign about the cases.

Association Atinati
$24,240
To inform the public about NGOs in the Samogrelo region of Georgia and stimulate greater activism among the region’s youth. The Association will produce three weekly radio shows which will be broadcast on its station, Atinati, that reaches the Samogrelo and Abkhazia regions. Atinati will publish a monthly newsletter and organize trainings and community service projects for young people to encourage them to become activists.

Caucasian Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development (CIPDD)
$45,495
To launch a new public policy research center, which will provide training in public policy analysis for young professionals and graduate students. CIPDD will conduct a series of trainings and develop a curriculum and training materials. Participants will learn how to analyze political problems faced by policy makers and be challenged to come up with realistic solutions to those problems.

Center for International Private Enterprise
$226,948
To provide technical and financial assistance to the Association of Young Economists of Georgia (AYEG) and New Economic School of Georgia (NESG) to promote democratic governance and raise the level of public awareness of key principles of economic reform. AYEG will undertake an in-depth policy analysis process to identify priorities for reform within the Georgian business community, develop sound policy recommendations, and raise public awareness of and support for these initiatives. NESG will educate journalists in the principles of free-market economics and the fundamentals of supporting the independent, reform-oriented business community.

Cultural Humanitarian Fund Sukhumi
$51,995
To promote women’s leadership in politics, particularly women leaders from among Georgians who were displaced by the war in Abkhazia. The Fund will conduct monthly meetings of “Women Voters” clubs and conduct a campaign to persuade women to vote. Prior to the parliamentary elections of 2008, the Fund will organize a “civic forum,” which may launch a “League of Women Voters.”

Former Political Prisoners for Human Rights
$48,900
T o conduct human rights monitoring and coordinate activities of the NGO coalition “Civil Society for Democratic Georgia.” The group will prepare a report about the judiciary, conduct human rights monitoring, and provide legal assistance to the most vulnerable members of society. The organization will monitor trials, conduct a series of roundtable discussions, publish a monthly e-bulletin, hold a conference, and publish a final report.

Georgia for North Atlantic Treaty Organization
$25,935
To educate the public about the military, political, and economic reforms that are the prerequisites for NATO membership. Georgia for NATO will hold five roundtables to discuss the necessity of such reforms. Each session will focus on a particular issue: the independence of the judiciary, transparency of the defense budget, the role of the legislative branch as a counterbalance to presidential power, and the electoral system.

Human Rights Information and Documentation Center
$39,806
To improve human rights practices in Georgia. The Center will monitor and report on human rights, provide free legal aid, and support the activities of two regional human rights centers. The Center will also train future lawyers in human rights through internships and submit human rights reports to the UN, OSCE, Council of Europe and other international organizations.

Horizonti
$50,623
To create mechanisms of civic oversight and improve channels of communication between civil society and the government. Horizonti will organize regular meetings between civil society and political party leaders in the capital. In three regions, Horizonti will work with local civic groups to monitor the activities of local governments and produce televised talk shows about local issues.

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
$170,000
To provide technical and financial assistance to the International Society for Fair Elections and Democracy (ISFED) to promote and monitor citizen access to information. The program will increase citizen access to information, raise the level of accountability of local government officials, and educate university students about electoral laws and processes. ISFED will facilitate town hall meetings between local officials and citizens on issues of community interest and will monitor the meetings of local governments.

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
$90,000
2005 Reprogrammed Funds
To provide technical and financial assistance to the International Society for Fair Elections and Democracy (ISFED), which will promote and monitor citizens’ access to information in order to increase the accountability and transparency of newly-elected local governments. ISFED will hold town hall meetings between local officials and citizens on issues of community interest. NDI will advise ISFED on project management, volunteer recruitment and management, staff development, and media relations and outreach.

Open Society – New Kutaisi
$30,521
To train civil society representatives from Georgia’s Imereti regionto monitor the budgetary process. New Kutaisi will conduct trainings, publish a book and a monthly newspaper insert, and produce four segments of a local television program. At the end of the program there will be a two-day conference to share methodologies and identify potential partners from other regions in Georgia.

Studio Reporter
$33,860
To produce four documentary films about human rights and civil liberties in Georgia. Each film will be screened at a movie theater in Tbilisi. Following the screening there will be a discussion of the issues raised by the film by the producer and NGO representatives. Studio Reporter will also distribute the film on DVD and make it available for broadcast to the Kavkasia television station.

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The Ecological Society “Green Salvation”
$35,000*
To encourage citizens to become active in the defense of their rights and improve the implementation of environmental legislation through judicial and advocacymechanisms. Green Salvation will obtain and publicize information about environmental hazards, carry out monitoring, promote environmental activism, provide legal counsel, help individuals and community organizations take their cases to court, and produce an in-depth publication about these issues.

Independent Information Agency “Polyton”
$40,020 *
To facilitate discussion of significant political issues and trends in Kazakhstan. Polyton serves as a forum for democratic activists, members of the media, and citizens to exchange ideas and produce alternative sources of information and opinion. The organization will host 24 roundtables for youth and the public. Transcripts of the roundtables will be available on Polyton’s website at www.club.kz.

Internet Newspaper Zona kz
$16,925*
To expand the content of its website, the newspaper will increase its coverage of national news and add a feature focused on the Parliament. The publication will recruit ten politicians, journalists, analysts, specialists, or artists to write blogs for the website. Readers of Zona kz have the opportunity to post comments and questions on each feature in addition to the site’s 15 discussion forums.

Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law
$85,480*
To provide legal consultations, conduct trainings on human rights, and operate an assistance program for refugees. The Bureau will operate a Legal Defense Center in Almaty to advise and represent clients and observe trials. It will provide students with training in human rights and assist refugees by offering legal aid in three cities of Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstani Young Professionals’ Society (KYPS)
$34,600
To monitor six regional administrative bodies and one city administration (akimats). KYPS will monitor the activities of the akimats, prepare analysis and monthly surveys on their activities, hold public hearings, and form a local citizens committee. KYPS will help local groups to defend their civil rights.

National Association of Broadcasters
$33,200
To strengthen the legal base of knowledge for journalists in Kazakhstan’s regions. The Association will organize a series of trainings for staff of regional independent media in six regions of Kazakhstan. The Association will also publish a collection of normative legal acts regulating the media.

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
$175,000
To work with the Republican Network of Independent Monitors (RNIM) to implement three forums for educating voters on local self-government and new election laws. NDI and RNIM will organize forums to bring together members of the maslikhats, political parties, NGOs, and the general public to discuss the 2007 local elections. NDI will maintain its relationships with political parties and key government officials.

Public Fund “Civic Consolidation”
$35,450*
To establish an independent internet radio website which will broadcast daily news. The Fund will develop a permanent staff, seek registration for the website and domain name, and provide audio equipment for the radio. The radio site, http://inkar.info, will broadcast news clips, interviews, and programs in Russian and Kazakh. The site will give its audience the opportunity to discuss each recording.

Republican Network of Independent Monitors (RNIM)
$50,430
To monitor deputies’ performance in the parliament and disseminate this information to voters. RNIM will administer three surveys, maintain a website, publish and distribute three issues of its bulletin, conduct a roundtable discussion, and hold a concluding press conference.

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Center for International Private Enterprise
$86,582
To enhance the ability of young journalists to report on economic and business issues. CIPE will award a subgrant to the Institute for Public Policy (IPP) to conduct workshops for young journalists and students on topics related to business and economics. Workshops will focus on the major industries in Kyrgyzstan, role of business associations and chambers of commerce, rule of law, and banking sector. IPP will meet with media outlet managers to explain the benefits of objective economic reporting.

Center for International Private Enterprise
$131,633
To form a National Business Agenda (NBA) for Kyrgyzstan in conjunction with the Bishkek Business Club (BBC). BBC will travel abroad to learn the techniques of NBA formation and conduct roundtable discussions to build a coalition and design the NBA. The project will culminate in a national conference to launch the NBA and present it to the government, parliament, and political parties. BBC will conduct meetings with government officials to discuss recommendations made by the NBA.

International Republican Institute
$330,000
To establish a Political Party Resource Center in Osh, a major southern city, to help political party branches and representatives improve their organizational, outreach, message development, recruitment, and fundraising skills. A short-term goal of the Center will be to facilitate cooperation between parties’ central and regional offices. A long-term goal will be to assist parties in preparing for the next parliamentary elections..

Jalalabad Regional Human Rights Organization “Spravedlivost”
$47,525*
To support a network of human rights NGOs in Jalalabad Oblast. Spravedlivost will coordinate a human rights network and serve as a resource center for NGOs in the region. The network provides pro bono legal services, monitors conditions in pre-trial detention, and observes the courts. Spravedlivost will administer a small grants program, train activists and lawyers on preventing torture, and manage a legal defense fund.

Independent Human Rights Group (IHRG)
$43,496*
To provide legal representation to people whose human rights have been violated. The Group will offer consultations on a wide range of legal issues. IHRG’s priorities will be strategic litigation against government officials violating the law, human rights abuses, and rights violations of a political nature. IHRG will advocate legal and judicial reforms, train local lawyers, and conduct information campaigns.

Institute for Public Policy (IPP)
$36,000
To train youth leaders in analytical and rhetorical skills, expose young activists to policy discussions, and disseminate these ideas among rural youth, with a focus on the concepts and practices of free and fair elections. IPP will select and train 40 students who will participate in a week-long seminar, regular workshops, and monthly roundtable discussions.

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
$256,544
2006 Reprogrammed Funds
T o provide training and funding to Kyrgyz civic groups who will monitor democratic reforms and elections. NDI will work with the civic groups in areas such as strategic planning, fundraising and management. NDI will develop and operate 16 information centers in Kyrgyzstan. The centers will respond to citizen demand for independent information and encourage civic engagement to strengthen public participation and government accountability.

Public Association "Shoola Kol"
$36,000
To support a network of activists in Issyk-Kul Oblast. Shoola Kol will maintain its network of six centers, offer free legal services, train independent election monitors, and conduct a nonpartisan get-out-the-vote campaign for the 2007 parliamentary elections. Shoola Kol will conduct seminars for young people, assist in the development of a youth association, and organize hearings with elected officials.

Public Foundation “Kylym Shamy”
$35,000*
To promote understanding of civic freedoms and human rights in Kyrgyzstan by establishing a strong legal foundation for freedom of assembly. The program will include eight seminars, monitoring, a rapid reaction team, and an information campaign. Kylym Shamy will establish two regional offices and provide information about freedom of association and assembly in Kyrgyzstan.

Youth Human Rights Group (YHRG)
$45,660*
To develop a national network of young activists and youth organizations, train university students in advocacy methods, sponsor local youth initiatives, and provide internships in Bishkek. YHRG will build on previous programs supporting discussions on youth policy and regional youth initiatives as a foundation for this year’s activities, which will develop the capacity of regional youth groups to plan and implement programs independently.

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Agency for Social Information (ASI)
$60,000*
To build regional NGO coalitions and strengthen ties between regional and issue-based associations, coalitions, and networks of civil society organizations throughout Russia. ASI will research and publish information about active networks of NGOs that currently exist in Russia. To promote local coalitions, ASI will award six small support grants for projects that seek to engage regional NGOs in cooperative activities.

Agency for Social Information
$60,000
To collect and disseminate information on the activities of Russian NGOs and other events of importance for civil society. ASI will maintain its network of correspondents and affiliate offices in 25 Russian regions, which will provide regular reports that will be edited, posted on the ASI website, and distributed by email. ASI will post these materials and other information on Russian NGOs on its website.

AGORA Association
$45,000
To offer legal and informational assistance to NGOs that come under pressure from the authorities as a result of their work. AGORA will provide support to activists and organizations coming under various forms of pressure, such as criminal and civil suits and campaigns to discredit their activities. Such pressure has increased dramatically with the approach of the parliamentary and presidential elections.

All-Russian Public Movement "Za Prava Cheloveka" (ZPC)
$60,000*
To support its network of regional human-rights organizations and to directly engage in cases involving human rights violations. ZPC will continue to consult with these organizations on the cases they face, and will assist regional groups that run into problems with local authorities. In addition, ZPC will provide direct support to five organizations in its network to permit them to operate on a full-time basis.

American Center for International Labor Solidarity
$100,001
To promote freedom of association by building the capacity of workers in St. Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast, and Samara Oblast to conduct internal and external organizing campaigns and to promote regional cooperation between their free trade unions. The Center will support regional trade union outreach centers in St. Petersburg and Samara, as well as two organizing skills seminars and two strategic planning seminars.

Andrei Sakharov Museum and Public Center
$55,000*
To organize a competition among public school teachers from 25 Russian regions for the best lesson plan on the history of totalitarianism and political repression in Russia. 30 finalists will travel to Moscow for a three-day conference on techniques for teaching about political repression. The lesson plans of the finalists will be compiled into a handbook and published.

Baltic International Development Agency (BIDA)
$26,200
To continue a program to strengthen NGOs in Kaliningrad region. NED funds will be used to continue providing technical assistance through BIDA’s NGO Information and Consulting Center, which was established in 2002 with NED support, and to organize training workshops for a total of 140 NGO activists.

Center for Civic Education and Human Rights
$45,000
To introduce human rights classes and civic education into Russia’s schools and universities. As in the past, the program will involve training teachers and university professors, developing human rights and civic education curricula, and publishing teaching materials. The Center will also create a database of social studies teachers in Perm region, and will expand its alumni network to communicate better with graduates of the program.

Center for the Development of Democracy and Human Rights
$50,000
To raise awareness of the importance of transparency, to promote public discussion of draft laws, and to stimulate an effective civic response to legislative initiatives. The Center will produce several publications on the Duma, including an electronic bulletin analyzing draft legislation, and a book evaluating the voting patterns of Duma deputies and assessing them from the point of view of human rights and civil society.

Center for International Private Enterprise
$257,715
To enhance the ability of Russian business associations to effectively develop and propagate messages and information to constituents and policymakers by developing their ability to think and act strategically about communications. This will strengthen not only the internal membership base of business support organizations, but also their external voice, which should be convincing to the business community, the Russian people, and the government.

Center for Journalism in Extreme Situations
$57,513
To monitor and research violence or pressure against journalists. In particular, the Center’s staff will conduct investigations into murders, kidnappings, and other forms of violence against journalists in order to determine if they are connected to these journalists’ professional activities. Regular monitoring and research will be carried out by the Center’s network of correspondents, as well as through cooperation with the media and regional NGOs.

Center for Public Information
$60,000
To help human rights and civil society organizations work more effectively with the media through a program of press releases and press conferences, building a regional correspondent network, and monitoring the media’s coverage of human rights topics. The Center will also publish the Chronicle of the Moscow Helsinki Group, in addition to a weekly digest of political and NGO news coverage in the Russian press.

Center for Social and Labor Rights
$38,500*
To establish, maintain, and popularize an interactive Internet portal on its website, which promotes workers’ knowledge of their legal rights and their capacity to defend them. Using accessible language, the website will provide independent and objective information to help workers make informed and independent decisions about their situations and options for improving them.

Center for Social Partnership
$50,000
To disseminate successful self-government models to other towns in Yaroslavl oblast and other Russian regions. The Center will also educate newly-elected members of local self-government bodies, and encourage dialogue between NGOs and local politicians. Further, under this year’s program, the Center will conduct a monitoring program across Yaroslavl oblast for the elections to be held in 2007 and 2008.

Center for the Support of Nonpolitical Organizations
$22,000
To develop the third sector in Russia’s Yaroslavl Oblast. The Center will begin its program by widening its existing database of regional social organizations, partly by searching records of registered NGOs with regional registration authorities. It will distribute information about and invitations to upcoming project activities to all of the organizations in its database, including 500 copies of a four-page booklet about its work.

Center for Trade Union Education
$44,600
To research and monitor workplace discrimination against women in the regions of Sverdlovsk , Perm, Kurgan, and Tyumen. Following the research, it will conduct a series of strategic activities designed to educate human rights NGOs about conditions in Russia in relation to international norms and set precedents that successfully counter workplace discrimination.

Centre de la Protection Internationale
$50,000*
To offer specialized trainings in Strasburg, where the European Court is based, to highly qualified lawyers and advocates from Russia and other CIS countries who work in the international human rights field. Participants in the program will attend hearings of the Court, discuss its proceedings in groups, and meet with specialists in international human rights law.

Chechen Committee for National Salvation
$95,000*
To protect refugees remaining in Ingushetia and those who return to Chechnya. The Committee will distribute frequent press releases on developments in the region from its headquarters in Ingushetia, as well as from three regional offices in Chechnya. The Committee for the Defense of the Rights of Forced Migrants will receive a small support grant for a program to reduce tensions in the region.

Chelyabinsk Regional Public Fund "Helping Hand"
$57,000*
To continue its program of legal aid and human-rights education and training in four central Russian cities. Helping Hand will continue to offer free legal aid to inmates in the regional prison system and their families, and will continue to provide courses on human rights, democracy, and civic activism. They will also produce a human rights almanac for the southern Urals.

Club Firn
$25,000*
To increase opportunities for youth participation in civic life. Club Firn will conduct a training program for youth leaders to increase their knowledge and skills relating to politics. Club Firn will then help these young people to conduct their own advocacy campaigns and civic events, providing technical support during the events, including help with coalition building and public outreach.

Da! Youth Movement
$43,716*
To organize a series of debates between politicians, journalists, and civil society and cultural figures, covering a wide range of topics of particular interest to young people. Audience members will vote to choose the winner of each debate. The project’s web site will broadcast the debates across Russia and serve as a forum where people can continue to discuss the issues raised during the events .

Dagestanskii Rakurs
$48,652*
To publish its newspaper, Dagestanskii Rakurs, which is the only independent publication on human rights in Dagestan. Dagestanskii Rakurs will continue to cooperate with regional NGOs while attempting to expand its print run for distribution throughout the North Caucasus. Cooperation with various Internet sites and mailing lists will help increase the paper’s impact beyond the North Caucasus, and the newspaper will develop its own website.

Eko-Logika
$20,000*
To conduct a project involving training seminars, a resource center and an informational campaign. The seminars and campaign will teach participants and citizens how to request information from local government sources; the resource center will provide office equipment and consultative support needed to submit such requests.

Ekaterinburg Memorial
$50,000*
To support its ongoing operations, including: maintaining exhibits on human rights; operating a library on the history of political repression, and public reading room for the democratic press; and providing students and teachers with a video center and an Internet classroom to study human rights. Ekaterinburg Memorial will also operate a public legal aid office and offer management and financial training to NGO leaders.

Environmental Rights Center "Bellona"
$46,000*
To expand its website, which it will use to inform the NGO community of environmental and human rights issues. In order to foster inter-organizational discussion, Bellona will provide daily updates of its electronic journal, Ecology and the Law. It will also conduct five seminars for NGO activists in different regions of Russia to teach them how to use the Internet to communicate and network more effectively.

Golos Association
$49,500
To restructure its regional offices. Golos will reregister its 40 regional offices, subordinating each office to one of six interregional foundations based in Moscow, Samara, Pskov, Novosibirsk, Krasnodar, and Chelyabinsk. It will also train foundation leaders to coordinate the network’s activities and instruct local staff on carrying out legal and financial reporting.

The Humanist Center
$50,000*
To engage progressive members of Russian teacher training institutes in a multifaceted curriculum development program. The Center will create alternative educational curricula that use principles of tolerance to oppose ideologies of chauvinism, militarism, clericalism, and authoritarianism. The curricula will be disseminated via CD-Rom and the Internet and introduced into the education system.

Independent Council of Legal Expertise
$65,000*
To carry out a wide variety of activities related to the Russian legal system. The Council will monitor legislative developments in the State Duma and regional legislatures; provide legal advice to human rights organizations; monitor developments within law enforcement, legislative, and judicial bodies; work with groups of law students on advanced research projects concerning human rights; and conduct an advocacy and training program for journalists.

Independent Press Center
$50,000
To organize press conferences and other events on behalf of NGOs. The Independent Press Center has hosted six to seven events per week in previous years. Even in the current restricted conditions, the Press Center has broken a number of important national stories on human rights and democracy topics.

Information and Analysis Center 'SOVA'
$60,000
To monitor nationalism and xenophobia in Russia and track the use of anti-extremist legislation to restrict civil liberties. The Sova Center will work with young democratic activists, and will coordinate with other NGOs and law enforcement agencies to inform them of the results of its monitoring activities. It will also publish a series of books and reports to raise awareness of the issue.

The Information Center of the Council of Non-Profit Organizations
$25,000
To expand its network of volunteer correspondents in Chechnya and to provide volunteers with training and equipment needed to carry out ongoing monitoring of and reporting on conditions inside Chechnya. The Center will also compile and distribute this information widely inside and outside Russia.

Information Research Center 'PANORAMA’
$65,000
To train young activists from democratic youth organizations—such as Oborona, Young Yabloko, Young SPS, DA!, and Greenpeace Russia—in journalism. Trainees will learn skills that are useful and often essential for civic and political organizations, such as how to obtain and verify facts, establish working contacts, understand government and legal systems, and clearly express points of view.

Institute for Information Freedom Development
$55,890*
To monitor the websites of regional governments for compliance with Russian law on public access to information. The Institute will open court cases against government agencies that fail to comply with laws and regulations mandating disclosure of information. The Institute will publish all information gathered during the course of the project on its website and will compile and distribute a series of reports on freedom of information.

International Protection Center
$39,000*
To offer free legal representation and consultation to victims of human rights violations in Russia. For those individuals who have exhausted all available remedies under the Russian court system, the Center will offer assistance in pursuing their cases through the European Court of Human Rights or the United Nations’ Committee on Human Rights.

Interregional Foundation "For Civil Society" (IFCS)
$60,000*
To distribute grants of approximately $4,000 to between 10 and 15 human rights groups outside of Russia’s large cities. IFCS will appoint a committee to approve proposals from regional NGOs and offer legal, managerial and organizational support to these groups, focusing especially on the complex new NGO law. If needed, IFCS will send experts into the field to provide emergency assistance to the grantees.

International Republican Institute
$225,225
To train and equip Russian young people with the necessary leadership skills and understanding of democratic values to be successful in designing and managing programs. IRI will select young people from Moscow, St. Petersburg ,Irkutsk, Yekaterinburg, Samara, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Nizhni Novgorod, Tyumen and Novosibirsk to take part in ten two-day trainings. The trainings will cover democratic values, leadership skills, and methods of civic activism.

Kabardin-Balkar Republic Public Human Rights Center
$30,000
To continue its program of human rights activism in the predominantly Muslim republic of Kabardino-Balkaria in the North Caucasus. The Center will render free legal aid; monitor the activity of the courts and encourage judicial, legal and other reforms that promote human rights and democracy; research Stalin-era crimes in Kabardino-Balkaria; and hold a series of roundtable discussions to deepen local understanding of these issues.

Lawyers for Civil Society (LCS)
$42,500*
To help NGOs defend themselves from increased regulatory pressure. Working in close cooperation with the Russian and US-based organizations, LCS will offer free legal aid to 15 NGOs from various regions of Russia and use the experience gained as the basis for a comprehensive “organizational audit” system that can be used by other organizations throughout Russia.

League of Women Voters of St. Petersburg (LWV)
$45,000
To help young people become more actively involved in Russia’s civic life. LWV will hold a series of seminars and round table discussions on Russian politics for young civic activists from six regions: Arkhangelsk, Vyborg, Kaliningrad, Pskov, Tver, and St. Petersburg. The League will also hold legal consultations for young people at its headquarters in St. Petersburg and continue to publish its newspaper, The League of Women Voters.

Mashr
$42,500*
To help end forced disappearances by publicizing them and encouraging officials to investigate them. Mashr will also continue to provide extensive legal aid to victims’ families, improve its website, distribute news and information about the situation in Ingushetia, and investigate disappearances with the help of a small group of volunteers. This year, Mashr will seek increased cooperation with the local media, authorities, and other NGOs.

Memo.ru
$75,000*
To maintain the Caucasus Switchboard, as well as to improve the quality of the website’s journalism. With a network of correspondents providing original reporting from 19 regions in the Caucasus, Memo.ru will cover regional events around the clock. Memo.ru will provide daily updates of the English-language version of the site and expand the analytical materials available.

Moscow Helsinki Group (MHG)
$75,000*
To conduct a legal aid project for NGO activists. MHG will provide activists who are harassed or arrested for their activities with access to high-quality legal defense and work to publicize any arrests or trials of activists. MHG will maintain a legal defense fund to retain litigators and pay for their travel within Russia, as well as hire a full-time lawyer to handle ongoing matters.

Moscow Helsinki Group (MHG)
$75,000
To organize the fourth annual All-Russia Civic Congress, which will bring together 1,000 representatives of NGOs, trade unions, political parties, the media, the business community, the arts, and academia from across Russia. This project is designed to help the Congress build its regional network, improve outreach to the Russian public and the media, and develop contacts with government bodies.

Mothers of Chechnya
$37,000
To offer legal aid and advice to the families of citizens that were kidnapped or disappeared during and after the two wars in Chechnya. The Association will help relatives continue searching for their missing relatives and will help them press criminal charges or file civil suits in court. It will also continue to maintain and expand its database on cases of disappearance in Chechnya.

Murmansk Association of Women Journalists
$35,000*
To develop public service journalism in two regions of the Russian northwest. By supporting the Association’s training program in civic journalism, the Endowment makes a direct contribution to democracy in Russia by increasing the coverage of significant local issues and providing a forum for communication between local government and the public.

Nizhny Novgorod Committee Against Torture
$70,000*
To improve the handling of Chechen torture cases in the Russian and international courts. The Committee will monitor incidents of torture, initiate investigations, and forward information to the Prosecutor’s Office requesting that criminal cases be opened. The Committee will pursue the case through the Russian court system and the European Court of Human Rights and will work with the media to publicize the issue.

Nonviolence International
$50,000*
To enhance local officials’ ability to enact the new federal law on local government in a democratic manner, while reducing ethnic tension by bringing officials from throughout the North Caucasus together as trainers and participants for seminars on the law. Nonviolence International will hold ten seminars for young people and government officials, and will publish informational material on the law for public distribution.

Planet of Hopes
$38,000
To stem widespread abuses of human rights in Russia’s closed cities, or ZATOs. Planet of Hopes will analyze relevant legislation to establish a legal basis for contesting the practice of refusing entry into ZATOs, open a public reception office for human rights in Ozersk, organize legal reception centers in other cities, and lobby the Ozersk city legislature to create a human rights commission.

Rostov Center for Civic and Legal Education
$30,000*
To organize training seminars for teachers, hold a summer camp and a youth festival with a human rights orientation, publish a book on human rights for young people, and run a student oratory contest on human rights. Further, the Rostov Center will operate a free legal aid clinic, using students of the law department of Rostov State University to provide assistance to indigent residents of Rostov.

Russian-Chechen Friendship Society
$25,000
To counteract the manipulation of information on the North Caucasus by the Russian government. The Society’s network of correspondents in Chechnya will send frequent reports to the Society’s Nizhny Novgorod office, which will edit and distribute them by e-mail as press releases. The Society will also produce preliminary research on establishing a war crimes tribunal on Chechnya.

Social Organization "Parity"
$20,000
To increase political participation among young people, educate young people about their rights and responsibilities as voters, and monitor the upcoming 2007 and 2008 elections. The project will involve a series of seminars for young people from seven cities of Sverdlovsk Oblast, local seminars in at least four of these cities, publication of a brochure, and election monitoring activities.

Soldiers’ Mothers of St. Petersburg
$68,000*
To assist draftees and servicemen in defending their rights through a program of training and education. Soldiers’ Mothers will conduct its Human Rights School and follow-up workshops for recruits and their families. Soldiers’ Mothers will also help runaway soldiers who have suffered abuse to protect their rights through the Military Prosecutor’s Office, and will work with base commanders to investigate allegations of abuse.

St. Petersburg Strategy Center
$51,000*
To develop a network of public policy centers in North and Southwest Russia. It will conduct an analysis of local administrative reform in the project regions; carry out a training program for regional public policy experts, NGO representatives, and local government officials; and launch local civic advising and monitoring projects in cooperation with project partners.

Union of Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia
$50,000*
To monitor human rights violations in the army, and to operate legal aid reception offices for soldiers and young men of draft age in Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd, Chelyabinsk, Sochi, and Khabarovsk. Additionally, Soldiers’ Mothers will collect, analyze, and publish data on human rights violations and on the implementation of federal laws forbidding such abuse.

Vozrozhdenie
$70,000
To help voters identify when they are receiving dubious information, to help voters defend themselves in the event their rights are violated, and to improve the quality of information available to voters in Pskov oblast. Vozrozhdenie will organize a variety of public events for voters, including lectures and meetings with candidates, and complement them with a program of research, analysis, and publication.

Youth Human Rights Movement (YHRM)
$75,000*
To strengthen existing networks of youth human rights organizations and promote the development of a core group of young human rights activists. Through support of YHRM’s work, the Endowment makes a concrete contribution to democracy in Russia and the CIS by helping young people become more active members of the region’s pro-democracy movement.

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Asia Plus
$38,000
To maintain and expand its network of regional correspondents whose reporting will be included in the organization’s existing radio, internet, and print publications. Asia Plus will also publish news bulletins or regional news outlets. The network of regional correspondents will facilitate an exchange of information among regions and between regions and the capital, and will maintain the Asia Plus website.

Center for Democratic Transformations
$27,000
To establish a School of Leadership for Women targeting women from the most vulnerable social groups in the northern part of Tajikistan. The School will conduct ten courses for at least fifty women, organize monthly roundtable discussions, and create a website.

Center for the Support of Civil Society "Kalam"
$38,230
To support the development of nascent NGOs in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast of Tajikistan. The Center, based in Khorog, will organize a series of training seminars, a small grants program, legal consultations, and a weekly news publication.

The Independent Newspaper Tong
$26,600*
To publish a weekly independent periodical in the Uzbek language. The newspaper will focus on human rights, national and international issues, local news, and youth and women’s rights. The newspaper will serve the needs of the Uzbek speaking minority in the north of Tajikistan and Fergana Valley. The staff adheres to international journalistic standards and is committed to independent reporting.

Kuhi Nor
$24,000
To support an Internet-based news service. Kuhi Nor will permit free access to its Avesta website, www.avesta.tj, which posts national and regional news daily, for local media and NGOs. The website includes analytical articles, international news, discussion forums, and opinion polls. Avesta will also distribute a weekly news bulletin to local news organizations and other NGOs.

National Association of Independent Mass Media in Tajikistan (NANSMIT)
$34,500*
To provide legal assistance to journalists in Dushanbe and two provincial cities, Khujand in the north and Kurgan-Tube in the south. NANSMIT will also conduct trainings for its staff, create an English version of its website, issue a monthly electronic bulletin, and publish a handbook on journalists’ rights.

NGO Fourth Power
$23,825
To run a media resource center in Khujand. Fourth Power will provide Internet and other infrastructure support for media and publish a news bulletin. Every week, Fourth Power will provide local broadcasters with a 20-minute block of international and national news from the BBC. Fourth Power will also organize a ten-day training course for 15 young journalists in Khujand.

Republican Bureau of Human Rights and Rule of Law
$43,295*
To improve the observance of human rights in Tajikistan. The Bureau will provide free legal assistance to disadvantaged citizens and conduct monitoring and reporting on human rights violations. The organization will train law students in human rights work and publish a monthly newspaper article, a monthly analytical article, an annual report, and two booklets to inform citizens about their rights.

Republican Public Association “PARITET”
$44,800
To improve the skills of Tajik human rights activists and attract young people to human rights work. The organization will provide a series of specialized trainings, organize a study tour to Moscow for human rights activists, and award five small grants to human rights organizations. PARITET will maintain a resource center where human rights defenders can obtain office support.

Public Association “Youth 21 st Century”
$18,930
To promote civic activism among youth. The organization will conduct four seminars for 100 activists from Dushanbe and five regions of Tajikistan. The activists will hold similar seminars for their classmates. The Association will organize three debate tournaments in Dushanbe, publish a book of articles about youth policy, and distribute it among relevant government bodies, NGOs, and participants in this program.

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$122,766
To provide free legal services to the Turkmen population. Four programs will conduct legal seminars and trainings, offer legal assistance, and maintain a database of Turkmen legislation. The programs will inform Turkmen officials and international organizations about inadequacies in Turkmen legislation and ill try to deepen the level of legal knowledge among the Turkmen public by providing access to a legal resource center. The Center’s s taff will prepare cases, provide legal services to citizens, compile legislation, and publish an educational brochure on cases pertaining to property rights. In addition, monthly seminars will be held for rural populations and young lawyers will receive training.

$38,193
To facilitate networking among experts and activists. Two meetings involving participants from Central Asia, the US, Europe, and Russia will assist local activists in developing concrete strategies to campaign more effectively on behalf of human rights. The main theme of the meetings will be to share information, discuss strategies, and promote joint programs and actions.

$76,230
To conduct two programs that train secondary school educators in Turkmenistan in interactive teaching methods and computer and office skills.. The project will consist of four sets of trainings, a monthly bulletin, support for three resource centers, and development of an Internet-accessible database of instructions and sample materials for teachers’ use.

$41,135
To document human rights violations and report on conditions in the country. The program will issue press releases, publish reports and analytical pieces on its website, and repost its content through Internet blogs.

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Center of Information and Documentation for Crimean Tatars
$55,000*
To support a program of informational and publishing activities. The Center will publish six issues of its analytical journal, Crimean Studies; monitor coverage of Crimean Tatar issues in the Ukrainian press; provide balanced information about such issues to the press; publish an electronic bulletin, Crimea in the Mirror of the Ukrainian Press; and expand the analytical materials available on the Center’s website.

Center for International Private Enterprise
$176,797
To increase information flow to the business community on economic policy, including World Trade Organization (WTO) policies. The Ukrainian Centre for International Integration (UCII) will lead an awareness campaign on economic governance principles. The UCII will also conduct seminars in four regions of Ukraine to discuss these practices with regional business communities. Throughout the project, the UCII will cooperate with several national and regional-level media outlets to publicize the project.

Center for International Private Enterprise
$158,147
To train and equip managers of regional business associations and chambers of commerce with tools to conduct effective advocacy work. CIPE will make a support grant to the Institute for a Competitive Society which will launch the training program “Advocacy School.” The program will help representatives of regional associations develop and strengthen their skills to serve as the voice of business in their communities.

Center for Research on Social Perspectives in the Donbas
$50,000*
To expand its internet newspaper Ostriv, providing ongoing coverage of events in Donetsk oblast and extending coverage to Dnipropetrovsk and Kyiv. The Center hopes to arrange interviews and live internet chat sessions with national political figures and their regional representatives, and will offer notable local journalists and political analysts the opportunity to produce online diaries to allow them to comment quickly on events .

Center for Ukrainian Reform Education
$17,762*
To organize pre-election information exchanges between journalists in Eastern and Western Ukraine. Journalists from eight regions of Ukraine with relatively underdeveloped media will visit regions with more developed and progressive media to learn about journalistic best practices and to exchange experiences and skills in covering election issues.

Cherkassy Branch of the Committee of Voters of Ukraine
$10,000
To conduct a voter education and mobilization campaign in rural areas of Cherkassy, Poltava and Kirovohrad oblasts. The Committee will outfit a bus as a “mobile information station” to bring information about the election and voters’ rights directly to rural residents. To reach a wider audience, the Committee will also distribute posters and brochures and will hold three press conferences.

Cherkassy Regional Committee of Soldiers' Mothers
$31,752
To secure international standards of human rights for Ukrainian servicemen. The Committee will present soldiers in military detachments in seven Ukrainian oblasts with information about their rights in a variety of forms, including lectures, trainings in human rights defense, and publications. Monitoring groups consisting of servicemen and members of regional Committees of Soldiers’ Mothers will be established to observe conditions at military detachments.

Chernivtsi Committee of Voters of Ukraine (Chernivtsi CVU)
$7,904*
To ensure that the campaign and voting in Chernivtsi oblast are carried out in a free, fair, transparent, and legal manner. Chernivtsi CVU will conduct long-term monitoring of the campaign, which officially starts in August; observe and monitor the vote and tallying of ballots on Election Day; and create a press center to publicize the project’s findings.

Democratic Initiatives Foundation
$35,000
To conduct a nationwide exit poll during the September parliamentary elections in Ukraine, and to conduct public opinion surveys before and after the elections. The Foundation will distribute information from its public opinion surveys and the exit poll to the media at a series of roundtables and press conferences, and will publish a report on the election at the conclusion of the project.

Dniprovsky Center for Social Research
$25,000
To facilitate the reform of state-owned media in Dnipropetrovsk oblast and protect the rights of journalists at state-owned and private media outlets. The project will include research, analysis, and publication; seminars and roundtable discussions; and legal consultation for local journalists. The Center seeks to establish a dialogue among journalists, the owners of media outlets, and local officials responsible for regulating the media sector.

Donetsk Committee of Voters of Ukraine (Donetsk CVU)
$18,663
To ensure that the campaign and voting in Donetsk oblast are carried out in a free, fair, transparent, and legal manner. Donetsk CVU will conduct long-term monitoring of the campaign, which officially starts in August; observe and monitor the vote and tallying of ballots on Election Day; and create a press center to publicize the project’s findings.

Donetsk Committee of Voters of Ukraine (Donetsk CVU)
$42,390
To conduct a program of informational activities for NGOs. Donetsk CVU will redesign its information portal, www.ngo.donetsk.ua, and publish its information bulletin in a monthly edition of 1,000 copies. They will also expand the number of reporters working for the website by three, and provide a variety of other useful informational services to Donetsk region NGOs.

Europe XXI Foundation
$68,000
To hold an NGO conference in Kyiv, organize a series of discussion clubs in four smaller cities, and monitor and conduct analysis of Ukraine’s civic councils. Europe XXI will continue to publish its newspaper, which facilitates the exchange of information among NGO activists. Finally, it will conduct research examining why certain elements of Ukraine’s democracy remain weak and publish a book on the study’s results.

European Choice Business Club
$20,000
T o stimulate discussion about the process of building democratic institutions in Ukraine. Project activities will include trainings, a conference, a roundtable discussion, an informational television program, and a contest for schoolchildren. The experience of Poland’s Lublin County during that country’s accession to the WTO, NATO, and the EU will serve as a model.

Free Choice of Luhanshchyna
$20,243
To make deputies of the Luhansk Oblast legislative assembly more responsive to their constituents. The project will involve analysis of the electoral programs of the various parties and blocs in the legislative assembly, comparison of these programs with representatives’ actual voting patterns, analysis of deputies’ responsiveness to local residents, surveys of citizens across the oblast, and a media campaign designed to publicize the project’s findings.

Freedom House Ukraine
$50,000
To raise public awareness about human rights and build NGOs’ capacity to advocate for reform. Freedom House will publish of a report on human rights in Ukraine and will train local NGO leaders in human rights. Using non-Endowment funds, this year’s project will also include a judicial reform component, as well as civic education activities such as designing a website and holding press conferences.

Independent Crimean Center for Political Studies and Journalism
$22,000*
To conduct a program of seminars and publications intended to broaden discussion of the challenges facing Crimea. The Independent Center for Political Studies and Journalism will hold two roundtable discussions for journalists, scholars, NGO activists, and elected officials. Materials from the roundtable discussions will be printed in the Center’s bulletin and the Center will contract with local journalists to write approximately 25 articles for regional newspapers.

Institute for Euro-Atlantic Cooperation
$70,390
To hold six public hearings on Ukraine’s integration into the EU and NATO on the basis of its Euro-Atlantic Network of regional NGOs. These hearings will bring diplomats, scholars, and experts together with the general population to discuss Ukraine’s integration into the Euro-Atlantic community. The hearings will be targeted at the Eastern and Southern regions of Odessa, Crimea, Kharkiv, Kherson, Luhansk, Donetsk, and Dnipropetrovsk.

Institute of Mass Information
$35,000
To analyze current and pending Ukrainian legislation on the media, to monitor violations of press freedoms and attacks on journalists, and to increase public awareness of the many issues that still face the Ukrainian press. The Institute will conduct independent field investigations in cases of extreme pressure or intimidation against journalists. It will publish frequent bulletins and an annual report about violations of journalists’ rights.

Institute of Social Transformation
$30,000*
To bring Russian and Ukrainian scholars, students, and activists together to explore new strategies for advancing democracy. The Institute will organize two roundtable discussions on themes relating to the development of democracy in both countries, a summer school for university students, and a concluding conference in Kyiv. Conference materials will be distributed widely and a book summarizing the program’s results will be published.

International Legal Council LEGITEAM
$51,000
To conduct a four-part program to improve Ukraine’s adherence to the international human rights treaties to which it is a signatory. The first three components—legal aid, research, and advocacy—will attempt to influence the Ukrainian legal system directly in the short term. The fourth component, training, will attempt to bring about a longer-term transformation of Ukrainian legal professionals’ approach to their work.

Kharkiv Center for Women's Studies
$53,500*
To build on its experience in training young women leaders in political and advocacy skills. The Center will conduct training sessions on political participation with an emphasis on the role of NGOs in local political processes. It will also expand its network of young women leaders, arrange informal internships for members with various government bodies, and hold the network’s seventh annual conference.

Kharkiv Committee of Voters of Ukraine (Kharkiv CVU)
$13,507
To ensure that the campaign and voting in Kharkiv oblast are carried out in a free, fair, transparent, and legal manner. Kharkiv CVU will conduct long-term monitoring of the campaign, which officially starts in August; observe and monitor the vote and tallying of ballots on Election Day; and create a press center to publicize the project’s findings.

Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group (KHPG)
$42,500*
To improve the human rights situation in Ukraine through its human rights monitoring, publication, and educational programs. KHPG will monitor draft laws for potential human rights violations and work with the government to implement international human rights standards. It will also publish three monthly bulletins on human rights and conduct a four-day seminar for human rights activists.

Luhansk Committee of Voters of Ukraine (Luhansk CVU)
$12,262
To ensure that the campaign and voting in Luhansk oblast are carried out in a free, fair, transparent, and legal manner. Luhansk CVU will conduct long-term monitoring of the campaign, which officially starts in August; observe and monitor the vote and tallying of ballots on Election Day; and create a press center to publicize the project’s findings.

Luhansk Public Education and Legal Assistance (PELA)
$42,000
To conduct a program of legal aid and civic education. PELA will offer free legal consultation to citizens, publish leaflets and brochures, and produce radio programs on legal and human rights. The consultations will be provided through PELA’s network of partners and resource centers in eight towns of Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts.

Luhansk Regional Women's Legal Defense Public Organization "Chaika"
$30,000
To continue a program of monitoring of local legislatures for transparency and adherence to campaign promises. This program will be particularly relevant following the September 2007 parliamentary elections. The monitoring will be accompanied by a variety of informational activities intended to mobilize public interest and encourage citizens to take greater responsibility for monitoring the activities of their elected representatives.

Lviv Committee of Voters of Ukraine (Lviv CVU)
$16,106
To ensure that the campaign and voting in Lviv oblast are carried out in a free, fair, transparent, and legal manner. Lviv CVU will conduct long-term monitoring of the campaign, which officially starts in August; observe and monitor the vote and tallying of ballots on Election Day; and create a press center to publicize the project’s findings.

Nikolaev Development Foundation
$20,000
To raise citizens’ and NGO leaders’ awareness of local government institutions and ways to work with them. The Foundation will carry out training for experts on local government, publish four brochures to support the project, and organize a final roundtable discussion to evaluate the project. It will also maintain a public reception office to advice local citizen groups on how to raise awareness of and defend rights.

Odesa Committee of Voters of Ukraine (Odesa CVU)
$11,745
To ensure that the campaign and voting in Odesa oblast are carried out in a free, fair, transparent, and legal manner. Odesa CVU will conduct long-term monitoring of the campaign, which officially starts in August; observe and monitor the vote and tallying of ballots on Election Day; and create a press center to publicize the project’s findings.

Open Society Foundation (OSF)
$55,000*
To provide Ukrainian voters with timely, accurate information about the activities of their elected representatives in the Verkhovna Rada. OSF will produce a quarterly monitoring report, along with related supplemental publications, on the activities of Rada deputies representing single-member districts and of factions and political parties. OSF will also organize roundtable discussions to release regional versions of their reports in ten Ukrainian cities.

Opora Civic Network
$30,000
To conduct a training program in running civic campaigns for 30 NGO activists from Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Concurrent with the training program, Opora will run a mini-grants competition on civic campaigns during which the trainees will either implement or evaluate campaigns. The program will conclude with a master class on civic campaigns with trainees from Serbia, Georgia, and Poland.

Public Organization Telekritika
$50,000
To redesign and expand its website into a web portal, with a number of new sections and subsections. The redesigned website will emphasize the following topics, among others: criticism of television news; relations between media owners and journalists; accountability and transparency, including freedom of information; the legal and regulatory environment for media as a business; and the defense of journalists’ rights.

Pylyp Orlyk/US-Ukraine Foundation
$50,000
To help ensure that the transfer of authority to regional and local governments serves the interests of Ukraine’s citizens. Endowment funds will support seminars for young representatives of local legislatures of Southern, Central, and Southwestern Ukraine; roundtable discussions of local government reform; and the printing of the Pylyp Orlyk Foundation’s journal, Aspects of Local Government.

Regional Information Center for Women
$29,000
To maintain a network of information centers in small towns of Kirovohrad Oblast. Each center offers legal information and Internet access, maintains a database of local NGOs, and runs educational activities. Under this year’s program, the Center will build on previous years’ efforts by expanding the program to the village level. It will also continue to publish a variety of civic education materials.

Rivne Committee of Voters of Ukraine (Rivne CVU)
$13,465
To ensure that the campaign and voting in Rivne oblast are carried out in a free, fair, transparent, and legal manner. Rivne CVU will conduct long-term monitoring of the campaign, which officially starts in August; produce a handbook for election monitors; observe and monitor the vote and tallying of ballots on Election Day; and create a press center to publicize the project’s findings.

School for Policy Analysis
$40,000*
To analyze various proposals for constitutional reform. To stimulate discussion of these proposals among government officials, the School will develop an online forum. The School will also conduct two roundtables for NGOs, deputies and government officials. The School will also carry out a public information campaign on constitutional reform, including newspaper articles and a series of four 30-minute programs on a national network.

Smoloskyp, INC.
$62,000*
To support young Ukrainian democracy activists. Smoloskyp will organize a series of seminars and roundtable discussions on social, economic and political issues. It will publish its monthly organizational bulletin and a journal containing the work of young scholars. Smoloskyp will expand its website to include these publications and discussion forums. Finally, Smoloskyp will continue to operate its Samizdat Archive and Museum.

Sumy Regional Committee of Youth Organizations
$27,000
To stimulate a discussion of the implications for Ukraine of joining bodies such as the WTO, EU and NATO. Project activities, to cover Sumy, Poltava and Chernihiv oblasts, will include seminars and a conference for student leaders, surveys of young people, publication of a magazine and several brochures, an essay contest, and the launch of local “Euroclubs.”

Tamarisk Center for the Support of Social and Cultural Initiatives
$23,000
To conduct a series of training seminars on topics such as informational technology, organizational development, fundraising and public relations. Tamarisk will also publish a brochure highlighting “success stories” of local NGOs, hold meetings of a press club, and publicize the project’s results in the local media and on its website, which will be redesigned in the course of the project.

Ukrainian Catholic University
$35,000*
To support the Religious Information Service of Ukraine. The Service will post news and information on issues of religious freedom in Ukraine on its website. The site will also include news stories from other sources, analytical essays and commentary on current events, as well as interviews and features. The Service will also maintain a database of documents on religious communities in Ukraine.

Ukrainian Center for Economic and Political Research Named after Oleksandr Razumkov
$50,000*
To publish five issues of National Security and Defense, one of the most widely read policy journals in Ukraine. Each issue of the journal, published in an edition of 3,000 copies in Ukrainian and 800 copies in English, provides a thorough examination of an issue of particular importance in Ukrainian politics.

Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research (UCIPR)
$21,210
To print nine issues of an analytical bulletin, Tvij Vybir-2007 (Your Vote-2007). Each issue will contain an analysis of party platforms, focusing on one set of related issues. The bulletins will be publicized in press conferences, materials from the bulletins will be adapted for newspaper articles, and UCIPR staff and outside experts will offer consultations and comments to the Ukrainian and foreign media.

Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research (UCIPR)
$50,000*
To conduct a program of research, analysis, monitoring, publication, and civil society promotion. UCIPR will monitor legislative reforms and propose mechanisms to support citizen participation in government. UCIPR will also produce its Parliamentary Review newsletter and its Research Update bulletin. UCIPR will analyze relations between the government and the opposition, social and political trends in Crimea, and civil society in Ukraine.

The Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, Inc.
$25,000
To conduct a series of six town hall meetings, in which candidates and representatives of political parties and coalitions answer questions put to them by the press and the public. Meetings will be held in Lviv, Odesa, Donetsk, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, and Kirovohrad. The Committee will broadcast each these meetings on regional television, with a total potential audience of 14 million people.

Ukrainian Youth Association of Ukraine
$40,000
To develop the third sector in three rural regions of Ukraine. The Association will select 90 young NGO leaders to take part in basic NGO management training. Following this, the Association will select 30 of the most promising leaders to take part in two-day practical internships with a series of established NGOs in Ukraine. The Association will also hold a small mini-grants competition for civic initiatives that will run through August 2008.

Vinnytsya Oblast Committee of Youth Organizations
$25,000*
To raise the level of youth civic activism in three regions of central Ukraine. The Committee will organize a network of youth civic organizations and conduct a series of training courses on NGO management. The Committee will also publish a monthly bulletin and two guidebooks for NGO activists. Finally the Committee will organize a competition for the best civic initiative among participants in the network.

Women's Choice
$35,000
To organize a series of twelve one-day seminars on the obligations of local representatives and methods of resolving the conflict between Eastern and Western Ukraine for women deputies from local and regional legislatures from both parts of the country. Participants will be chosen through Women’s Choice’s network, consisting of local leaders of Women’s Choice and other NGOs, deputies of local legislatures, and other prominent figures.

Youth Alternative
$96,000
To support a parliamentary interns program. Youth Alternative will select 30 students from leading Kyiv universities to serve eight-month fellowships in the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine’s national legislature. One hundred students from universities in eighteen regional cities will serve five-month internships in local Radas. Interns will participate in a variety of training, academic, and research activities during their internships.

Youth of Cherkassy Coalition
$10,000
To conduct a get-out-the-vote campaign in Cherkassy oblast. The Coalition will produce informational spots for local television and radio, distribute flyers and hanging posters, organize street theater, and hold discussion clubs for young people. The Coalition will conduct informal polls of young voters before the election in order to gauge likely turnout and compare this figure with the actual results.

Youth of Cherkassy Coalition
$32,000
To engage young people in resolving local social problems, to build the management skills of local NGO leaders, and to publicize the activities of local NGOs. The project will involve roundtable discussions and training seminars targeting youth NGOs in particular, publication of two booklets and a brochure of “success stories” about local NGOs, and a mini-grants competition for youth NGOs in Cherkassy Oblast.

Zaporizhzhya Committee of Voters of Ukraine (Zaporizhzhya CVU)
$11,824
To ensure that the campaign and voting in Zaporizhzhya oblast are carried out in a free, fair, transparent, and legal manner. Zaporizhzhya CVU will conduct long-term monitoring of the campaign, which officially starts in August; observe and monitor the vote and tallying of ballots on Election Day; and create a press center to publicize the project’s findings.

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$97,150
To assist the human rights activists in Tashkent. Two programs will help human rights activists to provide services to vulnerable segments of the population. The activists will pa y legal fees, conduct intensive reporting and monitoring, transmit humanitarian aid to political prisoners, and offer legal consultations in select cases. Information obtained during the course of this work will be provided to international human rights organizations.

$26,500*
To publish a weekly newspaper in the Uzbek language. A newspaper will be published in Kyrgyzstan and distributed among Uzbek speakers throughout the Fergana Valley. The editorial team anticipates this independent newspaper will become a valuable source of objective information inside Uzbekistan.

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American Center for International Labor Solidarity
$350,036
To conduct an education project aimed at trade union modernization. The project will encourage improvement in internal union democracy and communication with members, develop the capacity of Kyrgyz and Kazakh Federations to support a self-sustaining trade union education program, and reach out to Tajik unions and support reform-minded union leaders and NGOs.

The Center for Journalism in Extreme Situations (Russian Union of Journalists)
$39,960
To maintain its Russian-language website about Central Asia, www.ca-oasis.info. The Center will maintain the website from Moscow with contributions from correspondents in each of the five states of Central Asia. The website will feature daily news updates and the Center’s bi-weekly magazine, Oasis.

Civic Assistance Committee
$44,850
To provide legal assistance to political refugees in Russia who are being prosecuted on spurious charges or are threatened with illegal deportation or extradition to Central Asian countries. The organization will represent individuals in selected cases, offer legal support to emigrants and refugees, and regularly inform the public about these cases. In addition, the Committee will publish reports about illegal extraditions.

Civil Democratic Union of Turkmenistan
$58,038
To train civil society activists from Central Asia in information and computer security programs and procedures. The program will bring activists together for trainings and facilitate cooperation among them.

The Civil Democratic Union of Turkmenistan
$52,500
To train civil society activists from Central Asia in information security and computer security programs and procedures. The program will bring activists together for trainings and facilitate cooperation among them.

Fund for Legal and Economic Reform in Kyrgyzstan (FLER)
$54,145
To continue its work with human rights organizations in the Fergana Valley. FLER will train human rights activists from Central Asia and administer a small grants program. In addition, FLER will continue to maintain the network’s website, keep a database of human rights organizations in the Fergana Valley, and provide a resource center for local NGOs.

“Memorial” Human Rights Center
$43,420
To maintain a network of human rights activists in the Ferghana Valley, disseminate information about human rights abuses, and standardize the reporting from disparate human rights organizations. “Memorial” will coordinate the reporting of abuses, systematize reporting so that it can be utilized in analytical materials, and publish monthly updates about three countries—Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan—focusing on the conflict-prone Ferghana Valley.

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Civic Initiative “Free Belarus”
$21,559
To raise the awareness of Europeans about the political situation in Belarus and network European and Belarusian activists and organizations promoting democratic reform. The Initiative will upgrade and expand its website, www.forbelarus.eu , and help to organize a “Days of Belarusian Freedom” festival in Poland to advertise the website, educate Poles, foster activism among Belarusians in Poland, and support the democratic forces in Belarus on Belarusian Independence Day.

East European Democratic Center (EEDC)
$62,224
To develop and strengthen youth NGOs in central and southern Russia. EEDC will train local youth leaders in fundraising and program management, organize a study visit on the third sector to Poland, and oversee a two-week internship program with similar NGOs in Poland. Additionally, the Center will conduct a small grants competition which will make grants averaging $1,500 for local youth programs to five Russian NGOs.

East European Democratic Center (EEDC)
$63,320
To foster the development of the local independent press in Central Asia. The Warsaw-based EEDC will organize three three-day workshops in Osh, Talas, and Khujand to train editors and advertising managers from Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan on newspaper financing. Following the trainings, the Center will work with editors to restructure their editorial offices. EEDC will also award five small grants to newspapers to improve their financial viability.

East European Democratic Center (EEDC)
$79,930*
To foster the development of independent youth organizations at the local level in Ukraine. The Center will build the capacity of youth groups from central and eastern Ukraine by organizing six training seminars. The two-day events will focus on proposal writing; project monitoring; program evaluation; accounting; NGO management; leadership skills; team work; strategic planning; and working with volunteers, media and local governments.

East European Democratic Center (EEDC)
$91,550
To foster the development of independent media and expand freedom of information in Belarus. The Warsaw-based EEDC will award 18 to 25 small grants to independent publications. Four publishing centers will be established in important regional cities. In addition, the Center will conduct a training workshop on samizdat publishing and security. Finally, the EEDC will print the follow-up publication to its highly successful The Belarus Third Sector guidebook.

Education Society for Malopolska (MTO)
$32,200
To promote civic activism among pupils, parents, teachers, and school directors in eastern and southern Ukraine through it’s Public Achievement (PA) program. MTO will monitor 35 schools carrying out this unique civic education program, conduct trainings for 60 PA mentors, convene a fair for 100 persons implementing the PA program in Ukraine, and produce 1,000 copies of a Ukrainian-language brochure about the PA program.

Foundation for Education for Democracy (FED)
$172,735
To assist activists and local educators in Eurasia in acquiring, adapting, utilizing, and teaching western-style civic education, NGO development, and leadership skills. The Warsaw-based FED will conduct 50 workshops in Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Mongolia. The workshops will provide training for more than 1,110 activists and are designed to develop and expand core groups of indigenous trainers in these countries and regions.

Foundation for Education for Democracy – Central Asia
$66,798
To assist civil society organizations in Central Asia. The Foundation will conduct an orientation in Poland about the situation of civil society in Central Asia; oversee a 14-day study visit of 15 Polish and Ukrainian NGO and media activists to Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan; and organize a ten-day study visit of NGO activists from Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to Poland.

Foundation for Enterprise Promotion “Pogezania”
$26,900*
To build cooperative relationships between NGOs, young people, and local government entities in Poland and Kaliningrad. Together with the Kaliningrad Regional Youth Organization “Tsunami,” the Foundation will conduct four workshops and two cross-border visits for representatives from both countries, establish a Polish-Russian Cooperation Center in northern Poland, and produce a guidebook for local government representatives in Kaliningrad.

Foundation Institute for Eastern Studies
$40,944*
To promote reform and activism that engages local government in Russia by introducing local Russian activists to Poland’s successful experience of decentralization. Two groups of 50 young activists from Russia will attend a seven-day training program in Poland where they will observe state and nongovernmental organizations focusing on central, regional, and local government.

The Institute of Public Affairs (IPA)
$26,975*
To sustain a fellowship program for six Russian think tank analysts. IPA will collaborate with the St. Petersburg Center for Humanities and Political Studies “Strategy.” The analysts will research such topics as the new borders of Europe, EU integration criteria, EU New Neighborhood Policy, decentralization and local government reform, and corruption. Participants will visit Warsaw to be trained in research skills, analysis, and writing.

Medium Orient Information Agency
$29,832
To provide objective, timely and first-hand information on local attitudes to key issues in the North Caucasus. The Prague-based Agency will conduct twelve surveys on important social, political and economic issues in the North Caucasus. A major topic of the polls will be attitudes regarding the upcoming parliamentary and presidential elections in Russia. Four booklets with the polling results will be distributed in Moscow and the North Caucasus.

The Medium Orient Information Agency
$46,808
To increase understanding of the situation in the North Caucasus both within and outside Russia. The Agency will expand its Caucasus Times website, www.caucasustimes.com, to include a series of in-depth articles, analysis, and interviews on developments in the North Caucasus. The site features original content by credible analysts and activists on topics of political and economic interest as well as public opinion polling and headlines.

National Democratic Institute
$150,001
To train political and civic activists from Eurasia in Poland. In cooperation with the European Institute for Democracy, NDI will select participants from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Ukraine to receive training on organizational development, membership recruitment, communications, organization of congresses or events, policy research, and other topics. With NDI's guidance, the groups will develop workplans for projects to implement their newly acquired skills.

The People in Need Foundation (PINF)
$50,000
To promote the development of civil society and independent media in Transnistria, Moldova. PINF will organize two seven-day visits for a total of 14 journalists and civic activists, which will bring participants to the Czech Republic for study, training, and networking. Czech experts from PINF will also conduct training seminars in Transnistria, Vadul lui Vade, and Odessa on NGO management and civic journalism.

Polish-Czech-Slovak Solidarity Foundation
$50,700
To strengthen freedom of information and independent media in Eurasia and raise the professional qualifications of regional journalists and media practitioners. The Warsaw-based Foundation will invite media practitioners from Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, and Azerbaijan for media-related internships in Poland. At least 30 journalists and editors will spend two weeks receiving practical training in accordance with their specialties and the work they are currently performing.

Polish-Czech-Slovak Solidarity Foundation
$59,550*
To enhance the capacity for independent publishing by prodemocratic NGOs and independent newspapers in Central Asia. The Foundation will continue its desktop publishing training and equipment support program for representatives of prodemocratic NGOs and independent newspapers in Central Asia. The Foundation will train at least 20 activists and to equip at least 10 organizations from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.

The Polish Ukrainian Cooperation Foundation (PAUCI)
$69,475
To promote transparency and effective local government in eastern Ukraine. PAUCI will award small grants averaging $7,000 to Polish and Ukrainian NGOs for anti-corruption and local government reform programs targeting local government, NGOs, and media in Ukraine’s Donbas region. The small grant programs will allow local NGOs to monitor local governments for transparency, accountability and corruption; and educate journalists about standards of good governance.

Prague Watchdog
$99,460*
To promote human rights, humanitarian assistance and freedom of information in the North Caucasus. Prague Watchdog will continue operating its website, www.watchdog.cz, a leading source of information on Chechnya, Ingushetia, and other North Caucasus republics. With the Center for Journalism in Extreme Situations, an independent NGO based in Moscow, Prague Watchdog will continue to produce an independent magazine to promote civil society for Chechens.

Rebirth of Crimea Foundation (RCF)
$36,815
To promote civic activism among 800 young people, parents, and teachers in Ukraine’s rural Crimea. In cooperation with the Poland-based Foundation for a Democratic East, the RCF will conduct 41 training workshops to establish multiethnic parent teacher associations, school newspapers, and student governments in 20 rural high schools in Crimea. Ten of the new organizations will be awarded computer equipment to assist in their work.

The TOGETHER Foundation - Regional Centre for the Psychosocial Well-being of Children
$55,258
To promote civic activism among young people in Chechnya. Slovenian experts will organize one advanced training course for 20 mentors from last year’s program and two basic courses for 20 additional Chechen teachers and NGO activists. The mentors will train 600 pupils in voluntarism and oversee their public service. Each pupil will volunteer for a minimum of two hours per week in Chechen schools, hospitals, NGOs, and local communities.

Transitions Online (TOL)
$60,000*
To expand and improve internet reporting in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan. TOL will train nine Central Asian journalists for two-weeks in Prague. TOL will organize a three-day training in Bishkek for fifteen journalists and two distance learning programs on “new media” and reporting on environmental issues. Approximately 75 journalists are expected to participate in the program.

Transitions Online (TOL)
$64,293
To strengthen the professionalism of independent journalists and web-based news outlets in Russia. TOL will bring 20 Russian media practitioners to Prague for a training internship on how to operate an online news service, continue its distance-learning program for 25 journalists from Russia’s regions, develop and publish articles on topics underreported in the Russian media, and assist representatives of Russia’s regional media outlets to attend a seminar on new media in the former Soviet Union.

* Indicates Department of State Funding Beyond NED's Annual Appropriation